Term
| What time should you use for ultrasound? |
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Definition
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Term
| How large of an area should you treat with direct ultrasound? |
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Definition
| 2-4x the head, move in slow circles |
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Term
| With ultrasound heat should be used with acute of chronic edema? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you want to target deeper tissue with ultrasound, would you use 3 Mhz or 1 Mhz? |
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Definition
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Term
| Continuous ultrasound is better for (acute/chronic) edema, while pulsed ultrasound is preffered for (acute/chronic) edema? |
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Definition
Acute=50% or 20% pulsed
Chronic=Continuous 100% |
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Term
| When would you use underwater ultrasound? |
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Definition
| When the head won't contact the skin, such as around bony prominences |
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Term
| What is the piezoelectric effect? |
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Definition
| Mechanical defformation of a crystal causes an ellectric current to form. |
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Term
| How about the reverse piezoelectric effect? |
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Definition
| AC current is passed through a crystal, resulting in very fast contraction and expansion of the crystal which produce high frequency sound waves. |
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Term
| What is the frequency range for an ultrasound machine? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Effective Radiating Area
area of the soundhead that produces sound head.
Always smaller than the size of the ultrasound head.
Idealy only slightly smaller |
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Term
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Definition
Beam nonuniformity Ratio
Ratio between the average intensity of the ultrasound beam across the ERA divided by the peak intensity of the ultrasound beam.
Ideal 1:1
Acceptable 2:1-6:1 |
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Term
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Definition
Peak Area of the Maximum Beam Nonuniformity Ratio
area of the sound head covered by peak intensity.
Larger PAMBNR means less uniform heating |
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Term
Ultrasound
More watts = More (penetration/heating) |
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Definition
Heating
(amplitude is amount of sound energy,frequency adjusts depth) |
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Term
| Nonthermal efffects of ultrasound |
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Definition
stimulates fibroblast activity
increases blood flow
increases protiens associated with injury repair |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of fluids along cell membraneds due to mechanical pressure exerted by sound waves. |
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Term
| Unique contraindications of ultrasound |
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Definition
over ischemic areas
over thrombosis areas |
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Term
| Why worry about the patellar tendon during ultrasound in the area? |
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Definition
| It heats faster and stays hot longer than muscle. |
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Term
| What the heck is Phonophoresis? |
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Definition
Uses sound energy to drive medication into the tissue.
(is does not need to have a charge) |
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Term
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Definition
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultra Sound
stimulates fracture healing
home units, 1x/day/20min |
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Term
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Definition
Wound cleaning and debridement.
Ultrasound propels sterile saline across wound
stimulates healing |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses high frequency electromagnetic energy for deep heating |
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Term
| Traditional Indications for continuous Diathermy |
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Definition
osteoarthritis
Chronic pain
muscles spasm
TMJ disorder
Reduce congestion in lungs/sinuses |
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Term
| Traditional indications for pulsed diathermy |
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Definition
ankle sprain
bursitis
whiplash
wound healing
fracture?
Acute pain |
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Term
| Capacitor electrodes produce _____ and induction electrodes produce _____ with regards to diathermy. |
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Definition
Electrical fields
Magnetic fields |
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Term
| Frequencies of shortwave diathermy |
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Definition
13.56 MHz 22m wavelength
27.12 MHz 11m wave (most common)
40.68 HHz 7.5m wave (rarely used) |
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Term
| Microwave diathermy frequency |
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Definition
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Term
| Since diathermy has the greatest effect in tissues with few dipoles, what is heated more, muscle or subQ fat? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation |
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Term
| Major hazard classes of laser, with examples |
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Definition
Type 1-laser printers and CD players
Type 2-laser pointers
Type 3a-laser pointers
Type 3b-spectrometry, light shows, therapudic lasers
Type 4-industy, surgery, research |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| all same wavelength, in phase |
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