Term
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Definition
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Term
Equation for van Hoff's law |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pressure generated by large molecules such as protein in solution (Plasma = 28 mmHg, 1.4 mOsm/kg) |
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Term
| % of body weight that is H2O |
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Definition
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Term
| Major ions, organic molecules in ECF |
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Definition
sodium chloride bicarbonate
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Term
| Describe the Gibbs-Donnan effect |
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Definition
| phenomenon of the plamsa having a slightly higher sodium concentration and slightly lower chloride concentration than the blood or intersitial fluid due to the negative charge on proteins in plasma |
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Term
| Major ions, organic molecules of ICF |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal osmolarity of body fluids |
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Definition
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Term
| Equation for plasma osmolarity |
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Definition
Plasma Osm = 2 x Na in plasma + glucose conc./18 + BUN/2.8 *Na in meq/L *glucose, BUN in mg/dL |
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Term
| Effect of iso-osmotic volume contraction (ex: diarrhea, vomitting, burn) on ECF, ICF, EC Osm., hematocrit, plasma protein conc. |
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Definition
ECF volume ↓ ICF volume ↔ EC Osmolarity ↔ hematocrit ↑ plamsa protein conc. ↑
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Term
| Effect of hyperosmotic volume contraction (ex: sweat, fever, diabetes insipidus) |
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Definition
ECF volume ↓ ICF volume ↓ EC Osmolarity ↑ hematocrit ↔ plamsa protein conc. ↑
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Term
| Effect of hypo-osmotic volume contraction (ex: adrenal insufficiency) |
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Definition
ECF volume ↓ ICF volume ↑ EC Osmolarity ↓ hematocrit ↑ plasma protein conc. ↑
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Term
Efect of isosmotic volume expansion (ex: infusion of isotonic NaCl) |
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Definition
ECF volume ↑ ICF volume ↔ EC Osmolarity ↔ hematocrit ↓ plasma protein conc. ↓
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Term
| Effect of hyperosmotic volume expansion (ex: high NaCl intake) |
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Definition
ECF volume ↑ ICF volume ↓ EC Osmolarity ↑ hematocrit ↓ plasma protein conc. ↓
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Term
| Effect of hyposmotic volume expansion (ex: SIADH) |
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Definition
ECF volume ↑ ICF volume ↑ EC Osmolarity ↓ hematocrit ↔ plasma protein conc. ↓
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Term
Path of urine in the nephron |
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Definition
glomerular capillaries Bowman's space PCT thin decending limb thin ascending loop or Henle thick ascending loop of Henle macula densa DCT cortical collecting duct outer medullary collecting duct inner medulary collecting duct
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Term
| Parts of nephron found in cortex |
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Definition
PCT DCT cortical collecting duct |
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Term
| Parts of nephron found in the medulla |
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Definition
loop of Henle outer medullary CD inner medullary CD |
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Term
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Definition
juxtamedullary (25%) cortical (75%) |
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Term
| Order of branching of renal artery |
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Definition
interlobar A's arcuate A's interlobular A's afferent arterioles glomerular capillaries (high hydrostatic P) efferent arterioles peritubular arteries (main reabsorption site- low hydrostatic P) vasa recta
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Term
| Effect of increased sympathetic activity on renal blood flow |
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Definition
leads to increase of Angiotensin II constricts afferent arteriole (can constrict both, but mainly afferent) decrease P at glomerular capillaries decrease renal blood flow decrease GFR
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Term
| Effect of decrease Ang II on renal blood flow |
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Definition
constrict efferent arteriole increase P at glomerular capillaries decrease RBF increase GFR (make more filtrate)
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Term
| Effect of clamping Afferent and efferent arterioles on each other |
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Definition
if clamp afferent, decrease bp at efferent if clamp efferent, increase bp at afferent
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Term
| Substances that mainly cause vasodilation of afferent arteriole |
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Definition
PGE2 (increase renin) PGI (increase renin) dopamine nitric oxide
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Term
| Composition of JG apparatus |
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Definition
macula densa mesangial cells granular cells |
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Term
| Function of mesangial cells |
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Definition
secrete mesangial matrix phagocytic secrete cytokines, PG's
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Term
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Definition
| sense chloride content in filtrate |
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Term
| Function of graular cells in JG apparatus |
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Definition
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Term
Describe innervation of JG apparatus |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic receptors in afferent arteriole |
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Definition
| alpha 1 adrenergic receptors |
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Term
| Layers of filtration barrier within glomerular capillary wall |
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Definition
endothelium (permeable to water, dissolved solutes) basement membrane (collagen, glycoproteins) lamina rara interna lamina densa lamina rara externa
epithelium
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Term
| Explain how proteins are preventing from entering Bowman's space |
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Definition
the epithelium consists of podocytes, which are negatively charged (repels proteins negative charge, but not the small ions like chloride and bicarbonate) lamina rara interna and externa have negative charged glycoproteins as well also, btw each podocyte is a filtration slit slight bridged by filtration slit diaphragm made up of proteins
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Term
| Role of epithelial cells in the function of different parts of the nephron |
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Definition
those that are permeable to water contain aquaporins contain nonmotile cilium which protrude into tubule fluid and functions as mechanosensor and chemosensor linked to calcium signaling in cells
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Term
Places in nephorn where water permeable |
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Definition
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Term
| Parts of nephron that are water impermeable |
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Definition
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thin ascending loop
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thick ascending loop
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DCT
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collecting duct w/ ADH
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Term
| Parts of kidney that receive sympathetic innervation |
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Definition
These nerve fibers release both Norepi, dopamine. |
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Term
| Explain the pheonomenon of autoregulation of RBF |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe mechanism of action of TG feedback |
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Definition
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increase GFR, RBF
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increase delivery of solute to JG apparatus sensed by macula densa (via Na/2Cl/K co-transport)
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increase release of adenosine
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increase resistance in afferent arteriole (vasoconstriction)
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decrease GFR, RBF
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Term
Describe where most of the blood in the RBF tends to go in the kidney |
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Definition
| kidney's cortex has the greatest volume of blood, and it will progressively decrase as we go into the kidney's center |
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