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Definition
| the process by which experiences change our nervous system and hence our behaviors; we refeer to these ‘changes’ as memories |
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Definition
-memories aren’t “stored”, rather they change the way we perciece, perform, think and plan. It physically changes the structure of our nervous system by altering neural circuits that participate in perceiving, performing, thinking, and planning. |
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Definition
our ability to learn and recognize a particular stimulus that have been perceived before, the ability to identify and categorize objects (like people) and situations. (ex: learning to recognize a melody)
-primarily by changes in sensory association cortex |
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Term
| Stimulus-response learning |
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Definition
ability to learn to perform a particular response behavior when a particular stimulus is present (blinking when someone blows in your eye); includes classical conditioning (Pavlov's dogs) and instrumental conditioning (behavior --> followed by some type of consequence --> changed likelihood of behavior increasing or decreasing) |
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Definition
| learning to make a new response (ex:sequence of button presses) |
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Term
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Definition
Learning the relationship among individual stimuli.
Episodic Learning: Remembering sequence of events (episodes) that we witness
Spatial Learning: Perception of spatial locations (i.e. know where we are in a room) |
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Term
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Definition
| A Learning procedure' when a stimulus that initially produces no particular response is followed several times by an unconditioned stimulus (US) that produces a defensive response (the unconditional response-UR), The first stimulus (now called a conditional stimulus-CS) itself evokes the response (now called a conditional response-CR) |
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Term
| Instrumental Conditioning (Operant Conditioning) |
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Definition
- A learning procedure whereby the effects f a particular behavior in a particular situation
increase (reinforce) or decrease (punish) the probability of the behavior.
- Organisms learn to behave in certain ways by noticing the consequences of their behaviors;
response becomes more or less likely to occur depending on its consequences.
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Term
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Definition
An appetitive stimulus that follows a particular behavior increasing the probability of a bahavior occurring again.
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Definition
| Aversive stimulus that follows a particular behavior decreasing the probability of a behavior occurring again. |
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Definition
| recieving a treat for good behavior |
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Definition
| buckling seatbelt to stop annoying beeping |
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Definition
| Child draws on paper and you say "good job!" they will do it again |
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Definition
Happens only part of the time
-Fixed Interval: Paid once a week/ every other week
-Variable Ratio: slot machines, Gambling
-Fixed Ratio: after a specified number of responses, video games.
-Variable Interval: Check e-mail |
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Term
| Compare the different types of learning |
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Definition
For simplicity’s sake we can think of perceptual learning
as the establishment of changes within the sensory
systems of the brain, stimulus-response learning as the
establishment of connections between sensory systems
and motor systems, and motor learning as the establishment
of changes within motor systems. |
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Term
| Classical conditioning / Instrumental conditioning |
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Definition
_________ ________ involves automatic, species-typical responses; ________ _________ involves behaviors that have been learned. |
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Definition
________ _________ involves an association between two stimuli,
whereas __________ __________an association between a response and stimuli |
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| A ___________ _________ is NOT the same as a punishment. A __________ _________ still causes the likihood of a behavior to become more frequent. |
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Definition
| A long-term increase in the excitability of a neuron to a particular synaptic input caused by repeated high-frequency activity of that input |
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Definition
§ help break down protein and convert it to glucose, help make fats available for energy, increase blood flow, and stimulate behavioral responsiveness, presumably by affecting the brain |
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Term
| What effect can long-term stress have on the brain?- |
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Definition
| brain damage. Long-term exposure to to glucocorticoids destroys neurons located in field CA1 of the hippocampal formation. The hormone appears to destroy the neurons by decreasing the entry of glucose and decreasing the reuptake of glutamate |
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Definition
| a protein present on a microorganism that permits the immune system to recognize the microorganism as an invader |
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Definition
§ a protein produced by a cell of the immune system that recognizes antigens present on invading microorganisms |
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Definition
| compulsive nail biting, sometimes toe nails (yuck!) |
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Definition
§ compulsive hair pulling. Usually females, spend hours each nightpulling hairs out one by one, sometimes eating them. |
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Term
| What is Tourette’s syndrome? |
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Definition
§ a neurological disorder characterized by tics and involuntary vocalizations and sometimes by compulsive uttering of obscenities and repetition of the utterances of others |
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Definition
| a mental disorder characterized by obsessions(an unwanted thought or idea with which a person is preoccupied) and compulsions(feeling that one is obligated to perform a behavior, even if one prefers not to do so) |
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Definition
§ fear that another panic attack will strike them. Often leads to agoraphobia. |
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Definition
| fear of being away from home or other protected spaces |
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Definition
- those who suffer from this experience episodic attachs of acute anxiety, periods of acute unremitting terror that grip them for variable lengths of time from a few seconds to a few hours (may experience shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat, clammy sweatm accompanied by intense fear) |
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