Term
CV Function
Central Factors
Decrease in: |
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Definition
HRmax
SV
Cardiac Output
Myocardial ATPase
Myocardial Contractility |
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Term
CV Function
Central Factors
Decrease in HR max due to |
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Definition
| decrease in synpathetic nervous system activity and changes in cardiac conduction |
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Term
CV Function
Central Factors
Decrease in SV due to |
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Definition
| increased total peripheral resistance and decrease left ventriculat contractility. Also decreased muscle and heart volume |
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Term
CV Function
Central Factors
Decreased Cardiac Output due to |
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Definition
| decreased HRmax and Stroke volume max |
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Term
CV Function
Peripheral Factors
Decrease in |
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Definition
Capillary to fiber ratio
Muscle mass
Arterial cross section
Elasticity of blood vessels |
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Term
| External respiration changes |
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Definition
Vital capacity and forced expiratory volume
Residual volume increase
RV:TLC increase
VEmax decreases after amturity
Elasticity in lung tissue and chest walls decreases |
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Term
| Reach maximum strength between __ and ___ yrs |
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Definition
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Term
| Decrease of ___ after age ___ and accelerates after age ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Strength loss is related to |
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Definition
Decrease in muscle mass
loss of muscle volume
decrease in total protein of muscle
total size and muscle fibers decrease
percentage of ST muscle fibers increase
fatigability related to decrease in enzymes and size of mitochondria |
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Term
| The decrease in AP of muscle effects |
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Definition
force of contraction
speed of contraction
relaxation
strength
increase in fatigability |
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Term
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Definition
CV Endurance
Body comp
Muscular strength and endurance
Muscular flexibility |
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Term
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Definition
Assess Behavior
Set specific, realistic goals
Formulate intervention strategy
Evaluate Progress |
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Term
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Definition
1. Result of accumulation of random injuries and events
2. Result of genetically controlled developmental program, or built in self destructive |
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Term
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Definition
| Free radicals are produced when food is metabolized. FR travel through body causing problems |
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Term
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Definition
Bind to cell organelles
react with lipids effecting cell membrane permeability
produce more FR in chain reaction
Cause mutation of chromosomes and cause changes in proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Irreversible aging of certain proteins is responsible for the failure of tissues and organs |
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Term
| Crosslinking of ___ causes |
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Definition
| Collagen and other large proteins causes a stiffening of tissues and decreases access of white blood cells, nutrition, inhibits cell growth and results in failure to dispose of toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| Some waste products such as lipofusions slowly accumulate in the cell |
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Term
| Destructive Mutation Theory |
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Definition
As people age, natural exposure to the environment results in progressively increasing in numbers of mutations being incorporated into their bodys cells
Most mutations cause poorer performance of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the body loses the ability to distinguish between its own proteins and foreign ones and begins to attack its own tissues |
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Term
| Immune System failure Theory |
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Definition
Immune response declines with age
The body's ability to fight infection declines |
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Term
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Definition
| Decline in hormonal function contributing to aging process |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Changes in contractile properties of muscle |
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Definition
Decrease in: force
speed of contraction
contraction velocity
relaxation time (1/2)
Increase in fatigability |
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Term
Circulatory exercise benefits
Increases |
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Definition
Cardiac Output
cardiac efficiency
HDL/Cholesterol ratios
Blood Vessel diameter
Muscle capillaries |
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Term
Circulatory exercise benefits
Decreases |
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Definition
resting and exercise BP
Heartbeat abnormalities |
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Term
| Respiratory exercise benefits |
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Definition
Increases clearance of mucous and respiratory efficiency
Slows decline in respiratory functioning and closing of airways |
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Term
Nervous system exercise benefits
Increases |
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Definition
formations of new axon branches to orphaned muscle cells
Speed of impulse processing by the CNS |
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Term
Nervous system exercise benefits
Improves |
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Definition
| balance, short-term memory, sleep, possibly mental abilities |
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Term
Nervous system exercise benefits
Decreases |
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Definition
variability in speed of AP in motor neurons
risk of falling |
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Term
Muscular exercise benefits
Increases |
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Definition
Oxidative enzymes
Stored glycogen
Capillar numbers
Blood flow
Oxygen uptake
Muscle strength
Muscle mass
Speed of Movement
Stamina |
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Term
Skeletal exercise benefits
Increases |
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Definition
Ease of Movement
range of movement
joint flexibility |
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Term
Skeletal exercise benefits
Slows |
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Definition
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Term
Skeletal exercise benefits
Decreases |
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Definition
| risk of fall and sustaining fractures |
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Term
| Endocrine exercise benefits |
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Definition
increases glucose tolerance and sensitivity to insulin
Slows decline in growth hormones |
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Term
| Exercise benefits for falling |
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Definition
Strengthens leg and back muscles
Enhances reflex and motor synergy
Improves Gait
Increases flexibility
Improves mobility to avoid unexpected threats |
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Term
| Factors that could contribute or falling |
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Definition
Disease
Medications
Illness
Decreases Joint Motion, Strength Endurance
Gait deviations
Environmental Hazards
Feelings of instability
Proprioceptive, Vestibular, Vision Loss
Prior falls |
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Term
| Changes in VO2Max with aging |
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Definition
Decrease in :
Closing volume
Lung Compliance and elasticity
Respiratory muscle strength and endurance
Decrease in ventricular filling and ejection fraction
Decrease in Myocardial compliance and elasticity |
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Term
| Bone loss is acomplished by |
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Definition
Reabsorption of inner surface of bones
Decrease in deposition of new bone on outside |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal stress is placed on the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Results from abnormalities within the bone causing weakness |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Kinds of bone lost in osteoporosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Pain
Bone Deformity
Fractures
Kyphosis |
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Term
| Risk factors of osteoporosis |
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Definition
| Family history, Small stature, Women > men, early menopause, late menarche, nulliparity, low dietary Ca, gastrectomy, RA, parkinsons |
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