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Physiology of the Vestibular System
Study for Final
18
Audiology
Undergraduate 3
11/23/2009

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Term
What is he primary organ of equilibrium?
Definition
The Vestibular system
Term
Vestibular input to areas of the nervous system involved in motor control elicits...
Definition
adjustments of muscle activity and body position to allow for upright posture.
Term
Vestibular input to regions of the nervous system controlling eye movements helps to...
Definition
stabilize the eyes in space during head movements. this reduces the movement of the image of a fixed object on the retina whether the target or the head is in motion
Term
The balance system relies on what three systems?
Definition
the peripheral vestibular system, visual system, proprioceptive system
Term
What do the oculomotor and vestibulo-ocular reflex give us the ability to do?
Definition
track a moving object or track an object if we are moving.
Term
When the head moves to the right, the eyes compensate by...
Definition
drifting to the left to keep the object is view.
Term
Define: Proprioception
Definition
the sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body; the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other
Term
The role of the vestibular system is to signal the the CNS these two things:
Definition
1) changes in head movement, 2) changes in the body's orientation relative to gravity, i.e. acceleration and deceleration of the head
Term
The balance system along with the _____ _____ makes sure that we make the movements we want and allows for quick corrections.
Definition
motor cortex
Term
What is the role of the semicircular canals?
Definition
To be responsive to rotational or angular movements of the head.
Term
Based on their orientation, each semicircular canal is sensitive to what?
Definition
to movement in a particular plane of head movement either in an acceleration or deceleration mode.
Term
The anterior (superior) plane of the semicircular canal is responsible for signaling what?
Definition
head motion shoulder to shoulder.
Term
The horizontal plane of the semicircular canal is responsible for signaling what?
Definition
head motion from side to side.
Term
The Posterior plane of the semicircular canal is responsible for signaling what?
Definition
head movement tilting front from back
Term
How are the semicircular canals affected with head movement in a particular direction?
Definition
The stereocilia within the ampulla of each semicircular canal is either stimulated or inhibited, thus signaling to the CNS how the hair is turning in space.
Term
While, rotating our head to the right which which horizontal canal will be stimulated?
Definition
the left
Term
What is the function of the saccule?
Definition
To signal linear motion of the head, specifically movements up and down (e.g. going up and down in an elevator)
Term
What is the role of the utricle?
Definition
to signal linear motion of the head, specifically movement backward and forward and side to side.
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