Term
| ____ is secreted to moisten food, portect the mouth from abrasions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbohydrate digestion begins with the enzyme ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ is commonly called the throat. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chocking is prevented by a flap in the pharynx called the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ connects the pharynx and the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ or wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles push food down toward the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ is a J shape expandable organ located on the left side of the abdominal cavity. |
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Definition
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Term
| The stomach has a pH of around ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Most hydrolysis of macromolecules occur in the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The small intestine is divided into 3 sections ______,_______ and ________. |
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Definition
| Duodedum, Illeum, Jenjenyum |
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Term
| The accessory digestive organs are the _____, ______ and the ___________. |
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Definition
| Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Liver |
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Term
| _____, ______ and ______ are enzymes that break down proteins into their amino acids. |
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Definition
| Pepsin, Trypsin and Erepsin |
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Term
| ____ is a chemical that emulsifies fat. |
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Definition
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Term
| The enzyme ____ can now finish fat digestion due to the enlarged surface area that was produced. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ digestion is under control of the enzymes maltase, lactase and sucrase. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lining of the ________________ has a surface area of 600m2, about the size of a baseball diamond. |
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Definition
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Term
| Large folds decorated with finger-like projections called _____, and each of the epithelial cells have many microsopic, appendages called _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The nurtients, except fat, are absorbed into the capillaries, while the fat enters the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the contents of the blood enter the liver via the ______. The liver regulates the contents of the blood. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______________ is connected to the small intestine at a t-shaped junction where blind puch the ceacum is found. |
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Definition
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Term
| The function of the colon is to ___________________________________________________________________________. |
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Definition
| Reabsorb water and salt, produce fatty acids and vitamins. |
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Term
| Explain why the walls of arteries are thick and have alot of elastic tissue? |
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Definition
| They have thicker walls than veins to withstand the pressure produced by the heart’s pumping. |
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Term
| Veins have the same three layers of tissue as arteries, but they have much less muscle why? |
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Definition
| Veins have less pressure than arteries, they also use the skeletal muscles and have one way valves so they can return the blood to the heart. |
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Term
| Explain what causes fluid to leak out of the capillaries and what happens to them after. |
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Definition
| Some blood plasma (liquid) diffuses out of the capillary due to blood pressure. The “leaked-out” plasma is now called TISSUE FLUID. Excess tissue fluid is collected by LYMPTH CAPILLARIES and is returned by a large lymph vessel back into the blood near the heart. |
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Term
Transport of from to carried by purpose
oxygen _____ body cells red blood cells respiration
______ body cells lungs red blood cells &plasma excretion
digested foods dig, organs, liver ______ plasma growth, cell metabolism
urea and other liver, bodycells kidneys __________ excretion
______ ductless glands body plasma regulations of body act.
heat muscles, liver all tissues inc. skin whole blood _________
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Definition
| lungs, carbon dioxide, body cells, plasma, hormones, regulation of body temperature |
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Term
Functions of the blood:
white blood cells
plasma
red blood cells
platelets |
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Definition
(Leucocytes) fight disease. They can escape from inside the capillaries and can be found outside among the body tissues. They can be long-lived and have a nucleus.
liquid part of blood, transports CO2 which dissolves to form CO3- - (carbonate ion).
Transports absorbed nutrients (amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals.)
Contains blood-clotting proteins
(Erythrocytes) transports oxygen using the respiratory pigment (Haemoglobin) A small amount of CO2 is carried by the red blood cells. They have no nucleus and subsequently are short-lived (about 30 days).
cell fragments that bind up a blood clot. |
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Term
| Indicate the order of the blood flow through the heart, take the vena cava as the starting point. |
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Definition
vena cava
right atrium
right ventrile
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary vein
left atrium
left ventricles
aorta
head and body |
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Term
| Explain why animals above a certain size require an internal transport system |
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Definition
| Simple diffuision is only enough to supply the needs of small, simple animals |
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Term
Describe the function:
blood vessels
heart
blood |
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Definition
blood circulates within the vessels;
the heart pumps the blood around the body;
blood transports oxygen, nutrients, co2, wastes and hormones to places around the body; |
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Term
| Describe how flatworms recieve their nutrients. |
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Definition
| Flatworms have a branched intestine and nutrients diffuse into the body. Gases and wastes are also exchanged by diffusion aided by body movements. |
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Term
| Follow through the digestive system: e.g. mouth...teeth..throat. |
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Definition
Teeth/tongue
epiglottis
oesophagus
cardiac sphincter
stomach
pyloric sphincter
duodenum
small intestine
pancreas
liver
gall bladder
jejunum
appendix
colon (large intestine)
anus
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Term
| Desribe the function of the teeth and tongue |
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Definition
Increases surface area of food
Soften food and lubricate with saliva
Form bolus(ball of food) ready for swallowing
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Term
| What is the function of the epiglottis,oesophagus and cardiac sphincter? |
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Definition
muscular flap that prevents food from entering airway
muscular tube that pushes food to the stomach via waves of muscle contractions (peristalsis)
band of muscles at top of stomach; prevents reflux of food. |
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Term
| Function and enzymes in stomach? |
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Definition
Holds food, churns food using three muscle layers, gastric pits secrete HCI-activates enzymes, mucus secreted by stomach lining; allows food to move and protects lining from enzyme.
Pepsinogen is secreted by cells in lining, activated by acid pH into pepsin - acts on proteins reducing them to polypeptide |
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