Term
| List the cranial nerves in order by number |
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Definition
I - Olfactory nerve
II - Optic nerve
III - Oculomotor nerve
IV - Trochlear nerve
V - Trigeminal nerve
VI - Abducens nerve
VII - Facial nerve
VIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve
IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve
X - Vagus nerve
XI - Spinal accessory nerve
XII - Hypoglossal nerve |
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Term
| Is the olfactory nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the optic nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the oculomotor nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the trochlear nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the trigeminal nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the abducens nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the facial nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the vestibulocochlear nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the glossopharyngeal nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the vagus nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the spinal accessory nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the hypoglossal nerve sensory, motor, or both? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the olfactory nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe/list the pathway of the olfactory nerve |
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Definition
1. Sensory neurons in epithelium
2. Olfactory bulb/nerve
3. Olfactory tract
4. Olfactory cortical areas |
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Term
| What is the function of the optic nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe/list the pathway of the optic nerve |
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Definition
1. Photoreceptors
2. Bipolar cells
3. Ganglion cells
4. Optic nerve
5. Optic chiasm
6. Optic tract
7. Lateral geniculate body |
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Term
| Where does the oculomotor efferent nerve exit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate? |
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Definition
1. Superior rectus
2. Medial rectus
3. Inferior rectus
4. Inferior oblique |
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Term
| What eye muscle does adduction (movement towards nose)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What eye muscle(s) move the eye down? |
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Definition
| Inferior rectus (CN III), and superior oblique helps (CN IV) |
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Term
| What eye muscle(s) move the eye up? |
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Definition
Superior rectus and inferior oblique
(controlled by CN III) |
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Term
| What muscle(s) elevate the upper eyelid? |
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Definition
| levator palpebrae superioris (controlled by CN III)
(sounds like a Harry Potter spell) |
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Term
| Describe the sensory component of the oculomotor nerve |
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Definition
Sensory component contains a few fibers that transmit sensory information from muscle
sensory receptors; these exit the motor nerves to course mainly in the ophthalmic division
of the trigeminal nerve. |
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Term
| What nerve controls the parasympathetic component of the oculomotor nerve? |
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Definition
| The Edinger-Westphal nucleus (part of oculomotor nuclear complex) |
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Term
| Describe the neural pathway to constrict the pupil |
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Definition
1. Edinger-Westphal nucleus (part of oculomotor nuclear complex)
2. Ciliary ganglion
3. Constrictor pupillae muscle/ciliary muscle |
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Term
| What is the function of the trochlear nerve? |
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Definition
| Innervation of the superior oblique eye muscle, moves eyeball downward, and causes inward rotation of eyeball |
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Term
| Where from the brainstem does the trochlear nerve exit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is unique about the trochlear nerve verses the other 11 cranial nerves? |
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Definition
| Trochlear is the only cranial nerve that exits dorsally, and is the only one that crosses |
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Term
| What is the function of the trigeminal nerve? |
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Definition
| Sensory information from face, and motor control of chewing muscles |
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Term
| Where from the brainstem do the trigeminal nerves exit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three major divisions of the trigeminal nerve? |
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Definition
| Ophthalmic (V1), Maxillary (V2), Mandibular (V3) |
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Term
| What is the function of the Ophthalmic nerve (V1)? |
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Definition
| Sensory input from eye, orbit, forehead, ethmoid (roof of nasal cavity), and frontal sinuses. |
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Term
| What is the function of the Maxillary nerve (V2)? |
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Definition
| Sensory input from maxilla (upper jaw) and overlying skin, nasal cavity, palate, nasopharynx, and part of meninges. |
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Term
| What is the function of the Mandibular nerve (V3)? |
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Definition
| Sensory input from mouth, lower jaw, and anterior two-thirds of tongue. Motor outflow to chewing muscles. |
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Term
| What are the four brainstem nuclei in the trigeminal nerve? |
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Definition
1. Spinal trigeminal nucleus
2. Trigeminal main sensory (aka pontine)
3. Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus
4. Trigeminal motor nucleus: |
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Term
| What does the Spinal trigeminal nucleus (within the Trigeminal nerve) sense? |
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Definition
| pain and temperature (secondary sensory neurons) |
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Term
| What does the Trigeminal main sensory nucleus (within the Trigeminal nerve) sense? |
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Definition
touch sensation (secondary sensory
neurons) |
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Term
| What does the Trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (within the Trigeminal nerve) contain? |
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Definition
| cell bodies of primary sensory neurons that transmit information from chewing muscles |
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Term
| What does the Trigeminal motor nucleus (within the Trigeminal nerve) contain? |
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Definition
| Cell bodies of motor neurons that innervate chewing muscles |
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Term
| What is the function of the abducens nerve? |
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Definition
| Moves eyeball laterally (abduction) |
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Term
| What muscle does the abducens nerve control to move the eye laterally? |
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Definition
| Innervation of lateral rectus eye muscle |
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Term
| Where from the brainstem does the Abducens nerve exit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the facial nerve? |
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Definition
| Motor control of muscles of facial expression; taste |
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Term
| Where from the brainstem does the Facial nerve exit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the motor component of the facial nerve control? |
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Definition
Somatic muscles of facial expression;
Visceral (parasympathetic) motor control of salivary glands (except parotid), lacrimal gland, and mucus glands |
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Term
| What does the sensory component of the facial nerve sense? |
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Definition
Sensory input from skin on lower part of ear and behind the ear
Taste buds from anterior two-thirds of tongue (but NOT tongue pain) |
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Term
| What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve? |
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Definition
| Auditory and vestibular information |
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Term
| Where from the brainstem does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit? |
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Definition
| pontomedullary junction, just lateral to facial nerve |
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Term
| Describe/list the pathway for the auditory component of the vestibulocochlear nerve |
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Definition
1. Hair cells in cochlea
2. Primary sensory neurons
3. Exit cochlea, form CN VIII
4. Terminate on cochlear nuclei in brainstem |
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Term
| Describe/list the pathway for the vestibular component of the vestibulocochlear nerve |
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Definition
1. Hair cells in semicircular canals, saccule, and utricle transmit information
2. primary sensory neurons
3. Exit structures, form CNVIII
4. Terminate on vestibular nuclei in brainstem |
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Term
| What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve? |
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Definition
| Associated with taste and eating |
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Term
| Describe the motor component of the glossopharyngeal nerve |
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Definition
1. Innervates a muscle involved in elevating the pharynx during swallowing and speech
2. Parasympathetic control of parotid gland |
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Term
| Describe the sensory component of the glossopharyngeal nerve |
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Definition
1. Input from carotid sinus and carotid bodies (BP and pO2)
2. Sensory input from part of ear and inner ear, posterior one-third of tongue, and upper pharynx (gag reflex).
3. Taste sensation from posterior one-third of tongue |
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Term
| What is the function of the Vagus nerve? |
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Definition
| Comprises most of the parasympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| Where in the brainstem does the Vagus nerve exit? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the motor component of the Vagus nerve |
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Definition
1. Smooth muscles and glands in pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen
(parasympathetic nervous system)
2. Skeletal muscles in pharynx, larynx, and tongue (not all of them) |
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Term
| Describe the sensory component of the Vagus nerve |
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Definition
1. From all visceral structures innervated by the vagus nerve; also from blood pressure
receptors and chemoreceptors in the aortic arch
2. Part of the ear, larynx, and pharynx |
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Term
| What is the function of the Spinal Accessory nerve? |
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Definition
| Motor control of sternomastoid and trapezius muscles in neck |
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Term
| Why does Dr. Blair think "Spinal Accessory Nerve" is a misnomer? |
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Definition
| Cell bodies are located in spinal cord, not brainstem |
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Term
| Describe the motor neurons of the Spinal Accessory Nerve |
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Definition
| Cell bodies of motor neurons actually are located in upper cervical spinal cord; axons emerge from the cord to form a trunk that ascends to the medulla and then exits the skull with the vagus nerve |
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Term
| What is the function of the Hypoglossal nerve? |
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Definition
| Motor control of tongue muscles (except one) |
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Term
| Where in the brainstem does the Hypoglossal nerve exit? |
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Definition
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