Term
The metabolic rate of an awake, relaxed person, 12 to 14 hours after eating, at a comfortable temperature is known as the
A. average metabolic rate.
B. basal metabolic rate.
C. oxidative metabolic rate.
D. metabolic rate. |
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Definition
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Term
The main factor determining differences in energy requirements of individuals of similar gender and weight is the difference in
A. physical activity.
B. genetics.
C. body temperature.
D. height. |
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Definition
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Term
. Metabolic rate can be measured by the
A. amount of heat generated by the body.
B. heart and respiration rates.
C. amount of oxygen consumed by the body.
D. amount of heat generated and the amount of oxygen consumed by the body. |
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Definition
| D. amount of heat generated and the amount of oxygen consumed by the body. |
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Term
A positive energy balance occurs when
A. energy expenditures are greater than the calorie value of food.
B. energy expenditures balance the calorie value of food.
C. the calorie value of food is greater than energy expenditures.
D. you lose weight. |
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Definition
| C. the calorie value of food is greater than energy expenditures |
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Term
If an individual consumes excess calories in the form of carbohydrates, the excess energy is stored as
A. glycogen.
B. structural carbohydrates.
C. fat.
D. skeletal muscle. |
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Definition
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Term
. Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?
A. vitamin E
B. vitamin A
C. vitamin C
D. vitamin D |
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Definition
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Term
. The vitamin D derivative calcipotriene is used to treat the skin condition
A. pellagra.
B. beriberi.
C. scurvy.
D. psoriasis. |
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Definition
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Term
Wound healing would be delayed due to a lack of
A. vitamin E.
B. vitamin C.
C. potassium.
D. vitamin A. |
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Definition
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Term
Strict vegetarians may be susceptible to
A. pernicious anemia.
B. night blindness.
C. pellagra.
D. scurvy. |
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Definition
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Term
. Blood clotting requires
A. vitamin C.
B. vitamin D.
C. vitamin K.
D. vitamin E. |
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Definition
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Term
. Superoxide radicals have which of the following beneficial effects?
A. killing bacteria
B. promote proliferation of fibroblasts
C. promote proliferation of lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
. Excessive production of free radicals that can damage lipids, proteins, and DNA is called
A. inflammation.
B. antioxidation.
C. oxidative stress.
D. quenching. |
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Definition
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Term
The preferred energy source for resting skeletal muscle is (are)
A. glucose.
B. glycogen.
C. fatty acids.
D. protein. |
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Definition
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Term
. __________ is an adipose tissue hormone that stimulates glucose utilization and fatty acid oxidation in muscle cells thereby producing an insulin-sensitizing, antidiabetic effect.
A. Leptin
B. Adiponectin
C. TNF alpha
D. Resistin |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following are NOT roles of leptin?
A. decline in helper T abilities
B. regulate onset of puberty
C. menstrual abnormalities
D. increased hunger |
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Definition
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Term
The risk of cardiovascular disease is increased
A. in someone with a "pear shaped" body.
B. in someone with an "apple shaped" body.
C. in someone with a BMI less than 30.
D. in someone with little intraabdominal fat. |
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Definition
| B. in someone with an "apple shaped" body. |
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Term
. Fat cells are less sensitive to insulin in
A. obese individuals.
B. anorexic individuals.
C. individuals who do not exercise.
D. individuals at their optimal weight. |
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Definition
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Term
A female with a BMI of 25.0 would be considered
A. obese.
B. overweight.
C. healthy.
D. too thin. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT true of metabolic syndrome?
A. hypotension
B. insulin resistance
C. dyslidipemia
D. central obesity |
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Definition
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Term
. A tumor suppressing the activity of which brain area could induce obesity?
A. ventromedial hypothalamus
B. lateral hypothalamus
C. dorsomedial hypothalamus
D. anterior hypothalamus |
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Definition
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Term
Activation of the sympathoadrenal system would cause
A. hypoglycemia.
B. diabetes insipidus.
C. hyperglycemia.
D. excessive weight gain. |
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Definition
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Term
Starvation decreases metabolic rate by as much as
A. 10%.
B. 20%.
C. 40%.
D. 65%. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following increase(s) lipogenesis?
A. insulin
B. growth hormone
C. glucagon
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
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Term
. Elevated concentrations of glucagon would result in
A. decreased lipolysis.
B. decreased glycogen synthesis.
C. increased gluconeogenesis.
D. increased lipogenesis. |
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Definition
| B. decreased glycogen synthesis. |
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Term
. Lipolysis and gluconeogenesis are stimulated when
A. insulin and glucagon are both decreasing.
B. insulin and glucagon are both increasing.
C. insulin is increasing and glucagon is decreasing.
D. insulin is decreasing and glucagon is increasing. |
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Definition
| D. insulin is decreasing and glucagon is increasing. |
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Term
What hormone is most important for maintaining blood glucose levels during the post-absorptive or fasting states?
A. insulin
B. glucagon
C. somatostatin
D. thyroxin |
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Definition
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Term
Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules is called
A. glycogenolysis.
B. glycolysis.
C. gluconeogenesis.
D. ketogenesis. |
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Definition
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Term
Type II diabetes mellitus
A. is characterized by destruction of the pancreatic alpha cells.
B. is characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells.
C. usually occurs in children.
D. is the most common form of diabetes. |
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Definition
| D. is the most common form of diabetes. |
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Term
Which of the following is true of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Lack of insulin leads to hypertension and decreased fatty acids in the blood.
B. Lack of insulin caused a decrease in glucagon production.
C. Glucagon production increases that leads to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.
D. Lack of insulin leads to hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis |
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Definition
| C. Glucagon production increases that leads to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. |
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Term
Which of the following lifestyle changes can improve glucose intolerance and possibly prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes?
A. increase saturated fat in the diet
B. reduce fiber in the diet
C. increase daily exercise
D. reduce stress |
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Definition
| C. increase daily exercise |
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Term
Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus can cause
A. increased hepatic secretion of glucose and decreased uptake by skeletal muscles.
B. increased hepatic secretion of glucose and increased uptake by skeletal muscles.
C. decreased hepatic secretion of glucose and decreased uptake by skeletal muscles.
D. decreased hepatic secretion of glucose and increased uptake by skeletal muscles. |
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Definition
| A. increased hepatic secretion of glucose and decreased uptake by skeletal muscles. |
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Term
Growth hormone
A. stimulates hepatic somatomedin secretion.
B. directly stimulates bone growth.
C. inhibits lipolysis.
D. stimulates tissue glucose utilization. |
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Definition
| A. stimulates hepatic somatomedin secretion. |
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Term
Cells synthesizing hydroxyapatite in bones are termed
A. osteoblasts.
B. osteoclasts.
C. osteocytes.
D. osteosarcoma cells. |
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Definition
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Term
Osteoporosis
A. is most common in premenopausal women.
B. does not occur in men.
C. can be treated by stimulating osteoclasts.
D. can be limited by estrogen-replacement therapy. |
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Definition
| D. can be limited by estrogen-replacement therapy. |
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Term
A lack of vitamin D
A. stimulates increased calcitonin secretion.
B. causes osteomalacia in children.
C. decreases absorption of dietary calcium.
D. inhibits PTH secretion |
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Definition
| C. decreases absorption of dietary calcium. |
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