Term
Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called
A. peristalsis.
B. segmentation.
C. deglutition.
D. mastication. |
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Definition
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Term
Functions of the digestive system include all of the following EXCEPT
A. deglutition.
B. hormone secretion.
C. absorption.
D. hormone degradation. |
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Definition
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Term
. Damage to which tunic of the GI tract would directly affect Auerbach's plexus?
A. mucosa
B. submucosa
C. muscularis
D. serosa |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following motility processes is NOT correctly matched to its description?
A. peristalsis - rhythmic, wave-like contractions
B. mastication - removal of wastes
C. ingestion - taking food into the mouth
D. deglutition - swallowing |
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Definition
| B. mastication - removal of wastes |
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Term
The movement of digested food into the blood or lymph is
A. ingestion.
B. deglutition.
C. absorption
D. segmentation |
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Definition
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Term
Damage to which of the following nerves would reduce GI secretions?
A. glossopharyngeal nerve
B. hypoglossal nerve
C. vagus nerve
D. phrenic nerve |
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Definition
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Term
The combination of chewed food and saliva is called
A. chyme.
B. a bolus.
C. pylorus.
D. hiatal. |
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Definition
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Term
The mucosa of the esophagus is
A. stratified cuboidal epithelium.
B. pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
C. simple columnar epithelium.
D. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
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Definition
| D. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. |
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Term
Somatostatin is produced in the stomach by
A. goblet cells.
B. parietal cells.
C. G cells.
D. D cells. |
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Definition
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Term
Antihistamines would limit the gastric secretion of
A. pepsinogen.
B. gastrin.
C. hydrochloric acid.
D. mucus. |
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Definition
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Term
Acid chyme is buffered by __________ secreted from the pancreas.
A. mucus
B. bicarbonate
C. ammonia
D. urea |
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Definition
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Term
. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium associated with
A. peptic ulcers.
B. hiatal hernia.
C. acid reflux.
D. pancreatitis. |
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Definition
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Term
. _________________ is a disorder in which acidic gastric juice travels up the esophagus.
A. Gastroenteritis
B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
C. Pernicious anemia
D. Gastritis |
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Definition
| B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Term
Pepsin would have the greatest activity
A. immediately upon secretion into the stomach.
B. immediately upon entering the duodenum.
C. when the pH of the chyme is greater than 3.
D. when the pH of the chyme is less than 3. |
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Definition
| D. when the pH of the chyme is less than 3. |
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Term
. Drugs such as Zantac and Tagamet help treat gastritis and ulcers by
A. blocking H2—histamine receptors.
B. blocking H1—histamine receptors.
C. inhibiting proton pumps.
D. killing bacteria. |
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Definition
| A. blocking H2—histamine receptors. |
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Term
The first line of defense in the stomach against damaging acid and pepsin is the
A. tight junctions of epithelial cells.
B. rapid rate of epithelial cell replacement.
C. adherent layer of mucus.
D. release of gastrin. |
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Definition
| C. adherent layer of mucus. |
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Term
. What commonly ingested substances are absorbed through the stomach wall?
A. water and alcohol
B. antacid and water
C. alcohol and aspirin
D. penicillin and aspirin |
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Definition
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Term
The majority of hydrolysis of disaccharides occurs by the actions of enzymes found
A. in the pancreatic juice.
B. in the brush border of the small intestine.
C. in saliva.
D. in the gastric mucosa. |
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Definition
| B. in the brush border of the small intestine |
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Term
Slow wave depolarization triggers depolarization of smooth muscle by opening voltage—gated ________ channels.
A. K+
B. Na+
C. Ca2+
D. Ach |
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Definition
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Term
The mixng movement of the small intestine is called
A. deglutition.
B. segmentation.
C. micturition.
D. peristalsis. |
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Definition
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Term
. The primary function of the large intestine is
A. water reabsorption.
B. mineral absorption.
C. hormone degradation.
D. degrading toxins. |
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Definition
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Term
Movement of water out of the large intestine is by
A. active transport.
B. cotransport.
C. osmosis.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
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Term
. The process of waste removal is called
A. defecation.
B. mastication.
C. deglutition.
D. segmentation. |
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Definition
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Term
. __________ is a condition in which large number of liver lobules are destroyed and replaced by permanent, scarlike connective tissue.
A. Jaundice
B. Hepatitis
C. Cholecystitis
D. Cirrhosis |
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Definition
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Term
. ____________ are hepatic phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system.
A. Hepatocytes
B. Kupffer cells
C. Langerhan cells
D. Merkel's cells |
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Definition
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Term
. A _____________ has the following pattern of circulation: capillaries -> veins -> capillaries -> veins.
A. portal system
B. sinusoid
C. lobule
D. glomerulus |
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Definition
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Term
. The enterohepatic circulation is between the _____ and ______.
A. liver, stomach.
B. liver, pancreas.
C. liver, intestine.
D. liver, gallbladder. |
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Definition
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Term
Inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretions results in
A. decreased insulin secretion following meals.
B. decreased bile synthesis and secretion.
C. production of an acidic chyme.
D. stimulation of enterokinase activity. |
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Definition
| C. production of an acidic chyme. |
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Term
. During the intestinal phase regulating gastric function
A. the vagus nerve stimulates gastrin secretion.
B. stomach distension stimulates acid secretion.
C. vagal nuclei are stimulated by smelling food.
D. gastric emptying is inhibited. |
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Definition
| D. gastric emptying is inhibited. |
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Term
"Traveler's diarrhea" results when
A. enterogastrone secretion is inhibited.
B. gastrointestinal motility is stimulated by increased parasympathetic outflow.
C. guanylin receptors in the ileum and colon are stimulated by enterotoxins.
D. cholecystokinin secretion is inhibited. |
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Definition
| C. guanylin receptors in the ileum and colon are stimulated by enterotoxins. |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT true of 5-hydroxytryptamine?
A. it is secreted by ECL cells of the intestinal mucosa
B. stimulates intrinsic afferent to activate motor neurons for peristalsis
C. stimulates secretion of Cl- and water
D. All of the choices are true. |
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Definition
| C. stimulates secretion of Cl- and water |
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Term
Atrophy of the pancreatic acinar cells occurs in response to
A. increased gastrin secretion.
B. decreased sympathetic stimulation.
C. decreased cholecystokinin secretion.
D. increased secretin secretion. |
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Definition
| C. decreased cholecystokinin secretion. |
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Term
33. In which of the following areas does carbohydrate digestion occur?
A. mouth and stomach
B. duodenum and pancreas
C. stomach and pancreas
D. mouth and duodenum |
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Definition
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Term
. Protection against atherosclerosis is believed to be associated with an
A. elevated HDL-cholesterol.
B. elevated LDL-cholesterol.
C. elevated total cholesterol.
D. elevated VLDL-cholesterol. |
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Definition
| A. elevated HDL-cholesterol. |
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