Term
. The conducting zone contains all of the following EXCEPT
A. the primary bronchi.
B. the larynx.
C. the terminal bronchioles.
D. the respiratory bronchioles. |
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Definition
| D. the respiratory bronchioles. |
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Term
Inhalation and accumulation of particles less than 6 mm in size can cause
A. asthma.
B. emphysema.
C. cystic fibrosis.
D. pulmonary fibrosis. |
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Definition
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Term
Diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane is rapid because
A. there are about 750 square feet of alveoli membrane.
B. alveoli are one cell thick.
C. the air-blood barrier is two cells thick.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
| D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting zone?
A. primary bronchi
B. trachea
C. alveoli
D. nose |
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Definition
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Term
During inspiration,
A. alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure.
B. transpulmonary pressure increases.
C. the diaphragm relaxes.
D. intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. |
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Definition
| D. intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. |
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Term
What law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume?
A. Boyle's Law
B. Charles Law
C. Dalton's Law
D. Henry's Law |
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Definition
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Term
What condition is marked by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the lungs due to permeability changes triggered by the inflammatory response to systemic infection?
A. emphysema
B. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C. pneumothorax
D. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARD) |
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Definition
| D. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARD) |
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Term
Ventilation would be decreased by decreasing the activity of
A. type II alveolar cells.
B. type I alveolar cells.
C. alveolar macrophages.
D. None of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
| A. type II alveolar cells. |
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Term
Which muscle's contraction will stimulate inspiration?
A. diaphragm
B. external intercostals
C. parasternal intercostals
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
| D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Term
Quiet expiration is caused by
A. contraction of the external intercostals.
B. contraction of the internal intercostals.
C. lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure.
D. contraction of the scalenes. |
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Definition
| C. lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure. |
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Term
. Which of the following is true?
A. Blood in the pulmonary veins is low in oxygen.
B. Blood in the pulmonary veins is high in carbon dioxide.
C. The oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar air.
D. All of the choices are true. |
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Definition
| C. The oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar air. |
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Term
Cessation of breathing is known as
A. apnea.
B. dyspnea.
C. eupnea.
D. pneumothorax. |
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Definition
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Term
. The anatomical dead space
A. is increased by emphysema.
B. has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than atmospheric air.
C. has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air.
D. is comprised of the respiratory zone. |
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Definition
| C. has a lower concentration of oxygen than atmospheric air. |
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Term
The volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration is the
A. tidal volume.
B. vital capacity.
C. inspiratory reserve volume.
D. residual volume. |
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Definition
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Term
. The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the
A. vital capacity.
B. total lung capacity.
C. tidal volume.
D. functional residual capacity. |
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Definition
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Term
. Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by
A. smoking.
B. allergic reactions.
C. breathing in coal dust.
D. increased mucus production. |
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Definition
| C. breathing in coal dust. |
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Term
Which of the following is an inflammatory cell associated with COPDs but NOT asthma?
A. mast cells
B. helper T cells
C. eosinophils
D. cytotoxic T cells |
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Definition
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Term
. Gas X makes up 15% of a gas mix, at 760 mm Hg, the partial pressure of gas X would be
A. 11400 mm Hg
B. 1140 mm Hg
C. 114 mm Hg
D. 646 mm Hg |
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Definition
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Term
The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood
A. is directly proportional to the solubility partial pressure of the gas.
B. increases at higher altitudes.
C. is described primarily by Boyle's law.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
| A. is directly proportional to the solubility partial pressure of the gas. |
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Term
Breathing 100% oxygen will
A. significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues.
B. increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells.
C. significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood.
D. not change the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma. |
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Definition
| A. significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues. |
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Term
Normal arterial PO2 is
A. 40 mm Hg.
B. 46 mm Hg.
C. 85 mm Hg.
D. 100 mm Hg. |
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Definition
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Term
Normal venous PO2 is
A. 40 mm Hg.
B. 46 mm Hg.
C. 85 mm Hg.
D. 100 mm Hg. |
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Definition
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Term
The ventilation/perfusion ratio
A. is lowest at the apex of the lungs.
B. increases when blood flow is decreased.
C. decreases when ventilation is increased.
D. increases due to dilation of the pulmonary arterioles. |
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Definition
| B. increases when blood flow is decreased. |
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Term
Pulmonary arterioles _____ and system arterioles _____ when PO2 is low.
A. dilate, dilate
B. dilate, constrict
C. constrict, dilate
D. constrict, constrict |
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Definition
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Term
Decompression sickness is caused by ascending to sea level too quickly which results in bubbles of _____ to form in the blood.
A. oxygen
B. carbon dioxide
C. carbon monoxide
D. nitrogen |
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Definition
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Term
Central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata directly detect changes in the pH of the
A. blood.
B. cerebrospinal fluid.
C. lymph.
D. air. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the condition of having low blood oxygen levels?
A. hypocapnia
B. hypercapnia
C. hypoxia
D. hypoxemia |
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Definition
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Term
The rhythmicity center is located in the
A. pons.
B. cerebral cortex.
C. medulla oblongata.
D. midbrain. |
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Definition
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Term
. The dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata is involved with
A. inspiration.
B. expiration.
C. breathing rhythm.
D. both inspiration and expiration. |
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Definition
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Term
. Hyperventilation is stimulated by
A. increased activity of the apneustic center.
B. decreased contraction of the scalenes.
C. hypercapnia
D. hypoxemia. |
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Definition
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Term
. __________ is characterized by high red blood cell counts.
A. Anemia.
B. Polycythemia.
C. Uremia.
D. Leukemia. |
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Definition
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Term
Carbon monoxide is lethal because it
A. reduces CO2 and slows breathing.
B. increases CO2 and causes seizures.
C. binds hemoglobin preventing oxygen binding.
D. increases oxygen unloading at the cells. |
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Definition
| C. binds hemoglobin preventing oxygen binding. |
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