Term
. _____________ tissues serve as a barrier to microbial infection.
A. Epithelial
B. Muscular
C. Nervous
D. Connective |
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Definition
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Term
. _____________ is a secreted enzyme that destroys bacteria.
A. Chemotaxin
B. Complement
C. Lysozyme
D. Interferon |
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Definition
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Term
. The two categories of immune defensive mechanisms are __________ and ____________.
A. innate (nonspecific) immunity, adaptive (specific) immunity.
B. passive immunity, active immunity.
C. heavy immunity, light immunity.
D. direct immunity, indirect immunity. |
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Definition
| A. innate (nonspecific) immunity, adaptive (specific) immunity. |
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Term
Which of the following is involved in specific immunity?
A. mucus
B. macrophages
C. neutrophils
D. lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
Molecules that are present in the membranes of gram-negative bacteria and are the best known PAMPs are called
A. interferon.
B. lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
C. lymphokines.
D. complement. |
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Definition
| B. lipopolysaccharides (LPS). |
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Term
. Phagocytosis of pathogens would be enhanced if
A. the number of monocytes in the blood increased.
B. Kupffer cells were destroyed.
C. the number of neutrophils in the blood increased.
D. The number of monocytes or neutrophils in the blood increased. |
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Definition
| D. The number of monocytes or neutrophils in the blood increased. |
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Term
Interferons
A. stimulate viral replication.
B. provide humoral immunity.
C. provide nonspecific immunity.
D. are produced by viruses. |
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Definition
| C. provide nonspecific immunity. |
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Term
. Actions of interferons include
A. stimulation of fever.
B. inhibition of cytotoxic T cells.
C. inhibition of antibody production.
D. inhibition of cell division. |
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Definition
| D. inhibition of cell division. |
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Term
Alpha and beta interferons will inhibit
A. growth of cancer cells.
B. viral replication and assembly.
C. activity of natural killer cells.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
| B. viral replication and assembly. |
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Term
Antigens
A. are often proteins.
B. are usually small molecules.
C. normally have a simple structure.
D. are often normally found in body fluids. |
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Definition
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Term
. Small organic molecules that by themselves are NOT antigenic are called
A. antibodies.
B. haptens.
C. interferons.
D. complement. |
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Definition
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Term
. T lymphocytes in an adult mainly come from
A. the thymus.
B. bone marrow.
C. lymph nodes and spleen.
D. the liver. |
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Definition
| C. lymph nodes and spleen. |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a secondary lymphoid organ?
A. spleen
B. tonsils
C. thymus
D. lymph nodes |
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Definition
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Term
During the local inflammatory response, a lack of mast cells would result in
A. decreased antibody secretion.
B. interaction of antibodies with the pathogen.
C. activation of complement.
D. decreased capillary permeability. |
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Definition
| D. decreased capillary permeability. |
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Term
What is the process of drawing leukocytes to the site of an infection?
A. chemotaxis
B. diapedesis
C. extravasation
D. opsonization |
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Definition
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Term
. What chemical is released by mast cells that aids in the inflammation process by causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability?
A. cytokines
B. heparin
C. histamine
D. proteases |
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Definition
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Term
What chemical is released by neutrophils that produces pus at the site of an infection?
A. cytokines
B. heparin
C. histamine
D. proteases |
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Definition
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Term
What chemical acts as a chemokine to draw more neutrophils to the site of an infection?
A. histamine
B. tumor necrosis factor alpha
C. protease
D. prostaglandin |
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Definition
| B. tumor necrosis factor alpha |
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Term
. Allergic reactions could be minimized if the synthesis of immunoglobulin _____________ was blocked.
A. IgA
B. IgM
C. IgE
D. IgD |
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Definition
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Term
. Mutations in the genes encoding for IgG would
A. prevent allergic reactions.
B. block the synthesis of the principal form of circulating antibody.
C. prevent antibody secretion in external secretions.
D. prevent lymphocyte stimulation by antigens. |
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Definition
| B. block the synthesis of the principal form of circulating antibody. |
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Term
Antibody diversity can be explained by
A. the fact that many different genes encode for the different antibody chains.
B. mutations occur in germ cells.
C. mutation of pathogens.
D. clonal production of plasma cells. |
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Definition
| A. the fact that many different genes encode for the different antibody chains. |
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Term
Colostrum is high in
A. IgA.
B. IgD.
C. IgE.
D. IgG. |
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Definition
|
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Term
Antibody diversity can be explained by
A. clonal production of plasma cells.
B. antigen-dependent diversification.
C. over 100 million genes encoding for antibodies.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
| B. antigen-dependent diversification. |
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Term
Mutation in complement protein number 1 would directly
A. prevent complement recognition.
B. prevent complement fixation.
C. prevent opsonization.
D. prevent complement activation. |
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Definition
| A. prevent complement recognition. |
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Term
T lymphocytes
A. differentiate in the bone marrow.
B. secrete antibodies.
C. mature in the thymus.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
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Term
. _____________ may induce excess nitric oxide production in macrophages which could lead to the hypotension characteristic of septic shock.
A. Exotoxin
B. Interferon
C. Endotoxin
D. Complemen |
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Definition
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Term
. Mutations in polypeptides called _____________ that are produced by T cells would prevent T cells from destroying infected cells.
A. perforins
B. antibodies
C. histamines
D. interferons |
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Definition
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Term
Individuals suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome have decreased numbers of circulating
A. Regulatory T lymphocytes.
B. Helper T lymphocytes.
C. B lymphocytes.
D. macrophages |
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Definition
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Term
. Helper T cell activation occurs more readily if the antigen presenting cells are
A. dendritic cells and macrophages.
B. macrophages and mast cells.
C. B and T lymphocytes.
D. neutrophils and basophils. |
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Definition
| A. dendritic cells and macrophages. |
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Term
. What molecule is used to produce lymphokine-activated killer cells to treat some types of cancer?
A. interleukin-2
B. interleukin-1
C. interleukin-4
D. G-CSF |
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Definition
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Term
. Inhibition of the actions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes causes
A. decreased antibody secretion.
B. decreased stimulation of B lymphocytes.
C. increased secretion of perforin.
D. None of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
| D. None of the choices are correct. |
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Term
The primary target of the human immunodeficiency virus is
A. the plasma cell.
B. the memory cell.
C. the macrophage.
D. the T lymphocyte |
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Definition
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Term
The activation of resting T lymphocytes is prevented by
A. inhibiting interleuken-1 secretion by macrophages.
B. inhibiting interleuken-4 by helper T-lymphocytes.
C. stimulating secretion of interferons by T-lymphocytes.
D. decreasing the secretion of tumor necrosis factors by macrophages. |
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Definition
| A. inhibiting interleuken-1 secretion by macrophages. |
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Term
A mutation in the gene encoding for interleuken-3 would result in
A. decreased conversion of B cells to plasma cells.
B. decreased numbers of circulating mast cells.
C. inhibition of macrophage activation.
D. inhibition of leukocyte proliferation |
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Definition
| B. decreased numbers of circulating mast cells. |
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Term
. New drugs are under development to treat AIDS that act to
A. kill the virus.
B. kill the target cells and prevent infection.
C. inhibit the fusion of the HIV to the target cells.
D. inhibit reverse transcriptase. |
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Definition
| C. inhibit the fusion of the HIV to the target cells. |
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Term
. The first successful vaccination with an attenuated virus was conducted by
A. Jenner.
B. Pasteur.
C. Einstein.
D. Newton |
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Definition
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Term
. The ___________ immune response occurs faster, is stronger, and lasts longer than the __________ immune response.
A. secondary, primary
B. secondary, tertiary
C. tertiary, primary
D. primary, secondary |
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Definition
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Term
. __________ is a technique for artificially gaining active immunity through exposure to non-virulent pathogens or nonpathogenic antigens.
A. Allergy
B. Delayed-hypersensitivity
C. Vaccination
D. Auto-immunity |
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Definition
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Term
Colostrum provides infants with _____________ immunity.
A. active
B. innate
C. passive
D. direct |
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Definition
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Term
. What type of cell can destroy cancer cells without prior stimulation by tumor antigens?
A. cytotoxic T lymphocytes
B. natural killer cells
C. B lymphocytes
D. regulatory T lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
What substance released by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells destroys the DNA of an infected cell?
A. perforin
B. interleukin-1
C. interferon
D. granzyme |
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Definition
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Term
Autoimmune diseases include
A. rheumatic fever.
B. Graves' disease.
C. aspermatogenesis.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
| D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?
A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
B. pernicious anemia
C. atopic dermatitis
D. glomerulonephritis |
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Definition
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Term
Abnormal T cell response results in delayed hypersensitivity with the secretion of
A. histamine.
B. lymphokines.
C. interleukin.
D. antibodies. |
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Definition
|
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Term
In asthma, difficulty in breathing is caused, in part, by
A. prostaglandin D.
B. leukotrienes.
C. histamines.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
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Definition
| D. All of the choices are correct. |
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