Term
| Endogenous Cicannual Rhythm |
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Definition
| an annual rhythm that helps one adjust to seasonal changes |
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Term
| Endogenous Circadian Rhythm |
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Definition
| a daily rhythm the body creates |
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Term
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Definition
| a rhythm that occurs when no stimuli resets or alters it |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulus that resets circadian rhythms, ex. light, or for marine animals, the tide |
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Term
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Definition
| disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones |
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Term
| Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) |
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Definition
| part of hypothalamus, provides main control of the circadian rhythms for sleep and body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| a special ganglion that responds directly to light even if they do not receive any imput from rods or cones |
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Term
| Period and Timeless genes |
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Definition
| produce proteins Per and Tim that start in small amounts early in the day and slowly increase during day. the higher the levels, the sleepier one is |
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Term
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Definition
| mutation in this gene that produces a 26 hour circadian rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| causes people to have circadian rhythms that are faster than 24 hours, most people with this disorder have depression |
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Term
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Definition
| controlled by SCN, an endocrine gland that releases melatonin, which influences circadian and circannual rhythms |
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Term
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Definition
| impair learning, reproductive fertility, and can harm the development of fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| extended period of unconsciousness caused by head trauma, stroke, or disease, brain activity levels stay steady, no response to stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| person alternates between periods of sleep and moderate arousal, but during arousal person shows no awareness of surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| slightly higher level that vegetative state, brief periods of purposeful actions and limited amount of speech comprehension |
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Term
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Definition
| condition with no sign of brain activity and no response to any stimulus, after 24 hours usually person is euthanized |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of EEG and eyemovement records |
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Term
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Definition
| Frequency of 8-12 per second, characteristic of relaxed state, not all of wakefulness |
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Term
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Definition
| sharp, high amplitude wave |
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Term
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Definition
| in some ways its a deep sleep but in other ways its like a light sleep |
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Term
| Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM) |
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Definition
| synonymous with paradoxical sleep, where most dreaming occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| ascending neurons carry sensory information, and descending neurons carry motor information |
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Term
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Definition
| receives input from sensory systems and generates sponatenous activity, maintains aroual, awakens sleeping individual |
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Term
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Definition
| usually inactive but emits bursts of norepinephrine during heightened times of emotions, helping one remember emotional times |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter released by hypothalamus that produces excitatory effects throughout the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter that keeps one awake |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibitory transmitter, without it sleep would not occur |
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Term
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Definition
| attack of muscle weakness while person remains awake, triggered by strong emotions and/or stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder where you move around vigorously during REM period, usually acting out dreams |
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Term
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Definition
| intense anxiety from which a person awakens screaming in terror, happens in NREM sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| REM sleep's main function it to move the eyes back and forth enough to get oxygen to the corneas of the eyes |
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Term
| activation-synthesis hypothesis |
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Definition
| a dream represents the brain's effort to make sense of sparse and distorted information |
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Term
| Clinico-anatomical hypothesis |
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Definition
| regards dreams as thinking that takes place under unusual conditions, such as changes in sensory organs |
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