Term
Central Nervous System (CNS) |
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Definition
| The division of the nervous system that is located within the skull and spine. |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Definition
| The division of the nervous system that is located outside the skull and spine. |
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Somatic Nervous System(SNS)
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Definition
| part of the PNS that interacts with the external environment. |
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Definition
| carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscles, joints, eyes, ears and so on to the central nervous system. |
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Definition
| carry motor signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles. |
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| Autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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Definition
| the part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the body's internal environment. |
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Definition
| autonomic motor nerves that project from the CNS in the lumbar(small of the back) and thoracic(chest area) regions of the spinal chord. |
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Definition
| autonomic motor nerves that project from the brain and sacral(lower back) region of the spinal chord. |
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Term
meninges
(or Meninx- singular)
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Definition
three protective membranes of the CNS:
1. Dura mater
2. arachnoid membrane
3. pia mater |
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Definition
literally means "tough mother"
outter meninx - very tough |
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Definition
| spider web-like membrane just inside the dura mater. |
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Definition
| space beneath the arachnoid membrane which contains many large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid. |
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Definition
| innermost meninx, very delicate. adheres to the surface of the CNS. |
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Term
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
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Definition
| protects the CNS & fills the subarachnoid space, the central canal, and the cerebral ventricles. Colorless fluid. |
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Definition
| small central channel that runs the length of the spinal chord. |
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Definition
the four large internal chambers of the brain.
2 lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle |
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Definition
where CSF is produced.
networks of capillaries (small blood vessels) that protrude into the ventricles from the pia mater. |
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Definition
| the mechanism that impedes the passage of many toxic substances from the blood into the brain (exept alcohol) |
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Definition
| cells that are specialized for the reception, conduction, and transmition of electrochemical signals |
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Definition
| a neuron with more than two processes extending from its cell body. most neurons are multipolar. |
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Definition
| a neuron with one process extending from its cell body. |
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Definition
| a neuron with two processes extending from its cell body. |
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Definition
| neurons with short axons or no axons at all, whose function is to integrate neural activity within a single brain structure. |
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Definition
| In the CNS, clusters of cell bodies. |
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Definition
| in the PNS, a cluster of cell bodies. |
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Definition
| bundles of axons in the CNS. |
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Definition
| bundles of axons in the PNS. |
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Definition
| several classes of the nonneural cells of the nervous system whose important contributions to nervous system function are just starting to be understood. |
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Definition
| glial cells with extentions that wrap around the axons of some neurons of the CNS. |
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Definition
| fatty insulating substance found in the extenstions of glial cells. |
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Definition
| coverings on the axons of some CNS neurons that are rich in myelin and increase the speed and efficiency of axonal conduction. |
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Definition
| the glial cells that compose the myelin sheaths of PNS axons and promote their regeneration. |
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Definition
| glial cells that respond to injury by multiplying, engulfing cellular debris, and triggering inflammatory responses. |
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Definition
| large star shaped glial cells that play a role in allowing the passage of some chemicals from the clook into the CNS neurons and in blocking other chemicals. |
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Definition
| a neural stain that completely darkens a few of the neurons in each slice of tissue, thereby revealing their silhouettes |
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Definition
| a neural stain that only binds to structures in neuron cell bodies. |
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Definition
| a neuroanatomical technique that provides info about the details of a neuronal structure. |
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Definition
| toward the nose end of a vertebrate. |
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Definition
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Definition
| toward the surface of of the back or the top of the head. |
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| toward the surface of the chest or the bottom of the head. |
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Definition
toward the midline of the body
--><-- |
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Definition
away from the midline toward the body's lateral surface.
<-- --> |
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| toward the top of the primate head |
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| towards the bottom of the primate head or brain. |
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| any slices of brain tissue cut in a plane that is parallel to the top of the brain. |
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| any slices of of brain tissue cut in a plane that is parallel to the face, also termed "coronal" sections. |
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Definition
| any slices of brain tissue cut in a plane that is parallel to the side of the brain. |
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| portions of the nervous system that are gray because they are composed largely of neural cell bodies and unmyelinated interneurons. |
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Definition
| portions of the nervous system that are white because they are composed largely of mylinated axons. |
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Definition
| two dorsal arms of the spinal gray matter. |
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Definition
| two ventral arms of the spinal gray matter. |
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Definition
| structures just ouside of the spinal cord that are composed of the cell bodies of dorsal root axons. |
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Definition
| the part of the brain on which the cerebral hemispheres rest. In general, it regulates reflex activities that are critical for survival (i.e. heart rate & breathing etc.) |
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Definition
| the most posterior of the five major divisions of the brain. Also called the medula. |
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Definition
| a complex network of nuclei in the core of the brain stem that contains, among other things, motor programs that regulate complex species-common movements such as walking & swimming. 'reticulum' means 'little net' |
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Definition
| second level of the brain. contains the pons & cerebellum. |
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Definition
| the metencephalic structure that creates a bulge on the ventral surface of the brain stem. |
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| a metencephalic structure. |
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Definition
| the middle section of the brain. Contains the tectum & tegmentum. |
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Definition
| dorsal surface of the midbrain. |
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Definition
| division of the mesencephalon ventral to the tectum. |
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Term
periaqueductal gray
(PAG) |
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Definition
| the gray matter around the cerebral aqueduct, which contains opiate receptors and activates a descending analgesia circuit. |
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Definition
| the duct conecting the third and fouth ventricle. |
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Definition
| the midbrain nucleus whose neurons project via the nigrostriatal pathway to the striatum of the basal ganglia; it is part of the mesotelencephalic dopamine sustem and degenerates in cases of Parkinson's disease. |
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Definition
| a motor structure that is located in the tectum of the mesencephalon. |
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Definition
| the 4th level of the brain. Contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
considered to the "grand central station"
All sensory info travels through here. Contains the Lateral geneculate nuclei, medial "", & ventral posterior "". |
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Definition
| the neural structure that is located in the third ventricle and connects the two lobes of the thalamus. |
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Definition
| nuclei that reveive signals from sensory receptors, process them, and then transmit them to the appropriate areas of sensory cortex. |
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| Lateral geniculate nuclei |
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Definition
| receive input from the retinas and transmit their output to the primary visual cortex. |
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Definition
the auditory thalamic nuclei that receive input from the colliculi and project to primary auditory cortex.
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Definition
| A thalamic relay nucleus in the somatosensory system. (touch) |
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Term
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Definition
the diencephalic structure that sits just below the anterior protion of the thalamus; it plays a role in the motivated behaviors, in part by controlling the pituitary gland. Controls everything.
appetite, sexual devel., horomons, stress response, sleep, drinking, eating, day to day |
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Definition
| the gland that is controlled by the hypothalamus. The "master gland." Hormones release from here. |
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Definition
| the point at which the optic nerves from each eye come together. |
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Definition
| cross over to the other side of the brain. |
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Definition
| projecting from one side of the body to the other. |
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Definition
| staying on the same side of the body |
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Definition
| pair of white spherical nuclei in the hypothalamus. If damaged, it causes severe memory loss. |
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