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| the division of the PNS that participates in the regulation of the body's internal environment; it conducts sensory signals to the CNS from receptors in internal organs, and motor signals from the CNS back to the same internal organs |
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| the part of the CNS that is located in the skull |
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| the part of the vertebrate nervous system that is located within the skull and spine |
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| the section of the spine that provides the flexible framework of the neck or cervix |
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| the 31 pairs of sensory nerves that enter the spinal cord; they enter the spinal cord's dorsal surface |
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| the sex glands; they release hormones that influence both the development of female and male reproductive systems and reproductive behavior of adults |
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| the brain structure from which the pituitary is suspended; it secretes releasing hormones, which stimulate the release of the tropic hormones from the pituitary |
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| the section of the spine that supports the small of the back |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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| one of the two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system; it tends to conserve energy during periods of quiescence; parasympathetic nerves project from the brain and from the sacral region of the spinal cord |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| the part of the vertebrate nervous system that is located outside the skull and spine |
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| the gland that hangs from the hypothalamus; because it releases tropic hormones, it is often referred to as the master gland |
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| the section of spine to which the bones of the pelvis are attached |
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| the division of the peripheral nervous system that interacts with the external environment; it conducts sensory signals to the CNS from external receptors and receptors in joints and skeletal muscles, and it conducts motor signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles |
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| the part of the CNS that is located in the spine |
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| the H-shaped area of gray nervouse tissue in the core of the spinal cord |
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| the are of white nervous tissue in the spinal cord; it surrounds the spinal gray matter |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| one of the two motor divisions of the autonomic nervous system; it tends to mobilize energy resources during periods of threat; sympathetic nerves project from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord |
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| the section of the spine to which the ribs are attached |
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| the 31 pairs of motor nerver that exit the spinal cord; the project from the spinal cord's ventral surface. |
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| the most posterior region of the brain stem; the myelencephalon; its major structures include the pyramids, olives, medullary reticular formation, and the nuclei that contribute axons to cranial nerves 9, 10, 11, and 12 |
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| two large bulges, one left and one right, on the ventral surface of the medulla; they contain the pyramidal tracts, which carry signals for voluntary movement from the cerebral hemispheres to the motor circuits of the spinal cord |
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| the pair of large olive-shaped clusters of nuclei that are visible as bulges on the lateral surfaces of the medulla, one on each side; they are connected to the cerecellum |
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| a complex network of nuclei and short interconnecting tracts that is is located in the core of the brain stem, from the medulla to the midbrain; its nuclei play a role in controlling many vital body functions and in the promotion of arousal, arousal attention, and sleep |
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| the large striped metencephalic structure that is situated just dorsal to the pons; it plays a role in the coordination of movement |
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| three large pairs of tracts (inferior, middle, and superior) that connect the cerebellum to the rest of the brain stem |
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| the ventral portion of the metencephalon; its major structures include the fourth ventricle, the metencephalic portion of the reticular formation, many ascending and descending tracts, and the nuclei of cranial nerves 5,6,7, and 8 |
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| the more anterior of the two pairs of nuclei that constitue the mammalian tectum; they play a role in vision |
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| the most posterior of the two pairs of nuclei that constitute the mammalian tectum; they play a role in audition |
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| a pair of tegmental nuclei, one on the left and one on the right; they have a pinkish appearance and are important structures of the sensorimotor system |
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| the tegmental gray matter that is located around the cerebral aqueduct; it plays a tole in suppression of pain and in defensive behavior |
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| a pair of tegmental sensorimotor nuclei, one on the left and one on the right; they are so named because many of their neurons contain a dark pigment |
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| the two lobed diencephalic structure at the top of the brain stem, one lobe on each side of the third ventricle; several of its nuclei relay sensory information to the appropriate regions of the cerebral cortex |
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| lateral geniculate nuclei |
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Definition
| the thalamic nuclei that relay visual information to the cerebral cortex |
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| the thalamic nuclei that relay tactual information to the cerebral cortex |
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| the layers of white matter in each lobe of the thalamus |
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| the diencephalic structure that is located just beneath the anterior end of the thalamus; the pituitary gland is suspended from it |
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| the pair of hypothalamic nuclei, on on the left and one on the right, that plays a role in regulating the conversion of blood glucose to body fat; they are located near the midline in the ventral part of the hypothalamus |
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Definition
| the pair of hypothalamic nuclei, one on the left and one on the right, that play a role in the timing of 24-hour biological rhythms; they are located just dorsal of the optic chiasm |
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| the pair of hypothalamic nuclei one on the left and one on the right, that are part of a system that plays an important role in emotion; they are visible on the inferior surface of the hypothalamus as a pair of bumps just behind the pituitary |
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Definition
| the most anterior area of the hypothalamus; it plays a role in sexual behavior |
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Definition
| two regions of the cerebral hemispheres, one in each hemisphere, that are anterior to the central fissures |
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| the two regions of the cerebral hemispheres, that are posterior to the central fissures and superior to the lateral fissures |
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| the two regions of the cerebral hemispheres, one in each hemisphere, that are inferior to the lateral fissures |
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| two regions of the cerebral hemispheres that are at the posterior pole of each hemisphere |
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| the almond shaped nucleus of the anterior temporal lobes; it is part of both the limbic system and the basal ganglia |
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Definition
| a nucleus of the basal ganglia; it is a tail-like nucleus that extends in each hemisphere from the amygdala in a posterior direction and almost completely encircles the other basal gangliamus; the caudate and putamen together are known as the striatum |
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Definition
| a nucleus of the basal ganglia; it is located in each hemisphere just lateral to the globus pallidus, and it is connected to the anterior end of the caudate by a series of fiber bridges; the putamen and caudate together are known as the striatum |
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Definition
| a nucleus of the basal ganglia; it is located in each hemisphere between the thalamus and the putamen |
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| the clear inner fluid of neurons and other cells |
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| the semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of neurons and other cells; the wall of the cell |
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| the metabolic center of the neuron; also called the soma |
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| the short bushy fibers that branch out from the cell body; they constitute the major signal-receiving area of the neuron |
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| the single long fiber that extends from a neuron's cell body; its function is to conduct neural signals from the cell body to other parts of the nervous system |
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| the button-like terminal endings of the axon branches |
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| the dendrites and cell body of a neuron; the area of a neuron that receives most of its synaptic input |
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Definition
| the narrow cleft between a terminal button of one neuron and the receptive membrane of another |
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| the cone-shaped structure between the cell body and axon; action potentials are generated in the first segment of the axon, adjacent to the axon hillock |
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| the gaps between the adjacent glial segments on a myelinated axon |
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| glial cells that myelinate CNS axons |
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Definition
| glial cells that myelinate PNS axons |
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