Term
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Definition
| A _______ is the bulge located between the adjacent grooves in the surface of the human cortex |
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Term
| C. Drug A has a therapeutic index of 4.0 |
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Definition
The effective dose 50 (ED50) value for Drug A is 2.0 mg/kg while its lethal dose 50 (LD50) value is 8 mg/kg. Which of the following is true of Drug A?
A. Drug A is ineffective for its intended purpose
B. The therapeutic index of Drug A is 0.25
C. Drug A has a therapeutic index of 4.0
D. Drug A is safe for use in humans
E. A and D are correct |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrical stimulation of the right motor cortex elicits limb movements on the left side of the body and vice versa. Which term below best describes this organization of the motor cortex and the muscles of the body? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which neurotransmitter (monoamine) acts to promote vigilance? |
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Term
| 3 Opening a sodium channel |
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Definition
Which of the following will produce an EPSP?
1. Closing a calcium channel
2. Closing a sodium channel
3. Opening a sodium channel
4. Opening a potassium channel
5. Opening a manganese channel |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of the axon membrane potential from -90mV to -80mV would be termed a(n)? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which neurotransmitter (monoamine) activates voluntary movements and reinforces behavior? |
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Term
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Definition
| The middle layer of the brain meninges is the _______ membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| A single cycle of non-REM/REM sleep lasts about: |
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Term
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Definition
| Which type of glial cells are important for the supply of energy for neurons? |
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Term
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Definition
Narcolepsy is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
1. Sleep paralysis
2. Awakening refreshed from a sleep attack
3. Sleep attacks
4. Sleep walking
5. Hypnagogic hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
| Efferent/Afferent (circle one) neurons gather information from the environment related to light, odors, and bodily contact with objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| CSF is produced from the ________ of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| An electrical charge applied to an axon that moves the membrane potential from -70mV to -40mV will result in a(n) ___________ _____________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Another term for rostral is |
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Term
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Definition
| ___________ are positively charged particles. |
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Term
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Definition
___________ neurons function to contract muscles
1. Motor
2. Local inter-
3. Inter-
4. Afferent
5. Sensory |
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Term
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Definition
| A_________ section is made through a human brain parallel to the ground |
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Term
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Definition
| The fastest way for a drug to reach a site of action is via the _______ administration route. |
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Term
| 3. Strong emotions or physical exertion |
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Definition
Cataplexy may be brought on by
1. Overuse of caffeine
2. High blood levels of CO2 in the blood
3. Strong emotions or physical exertion
4. Staying awake for long periods of time
5. Damage to neurons that initial REM sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| Ions enter and leave the membrane of a myelinated axon at the ______________ |
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Term
| 5. Performance of coordinated motor movements |
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Definition
A key function of the cerebellum is the
1. Expression of emotion
2. Coordination of grammar
3. Ability to read and write
4. Capacity to reason
5. Performance of coordinated motor movements |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate at which a druge reaches active sites in the brain is determined mostly by its degree of |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which molecules are evenly distributed throughout a medium is called diffusion/ electrostatic pressure (circle one) |
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Term
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Definition
| Which term means “above” when referring to the brain? |
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Term
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Definition
| The _________ pattern of EEG activity is characterized by the most irregular, high-frequency (13-30 Hz) low-amplitude waves |
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Term
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Definition
| he membrane of a nerve cell is comprised of a double layer of __________ molecules |
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Term
| 2. An attack of sleep during the day |
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Definition
The key symptom of narcolepsy is
1. Dreaming in color
2. An attack of sleep during the day
3. Anxiety and fear during the waking period
4. The inability to fall asleep
5. Rapid movements of the eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| __________ are the myelin of nerve axon membranes in the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
Damage to the basal ganglia would be expected to produce difficulties in
1. Motor movements
2. Understanding social rules
3. Emotional experience
4. Emotional memories
5. Speech perception |
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Term
| 2. Changes in the electrical activity of the brain |
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Definition
31. Stages of sleep are easily distinguished by
1. The quality and quantity of dreams
2. Changes in the electrical activity of the brain
3. Changes in consciousness
4. Changes in motor movements
5. Changes in respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| The __________ neuron is the most common nerve cell type in the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
Which pair of transmitter substances are most involved in synaptic neurotransmission in the brain
1. Glutamate; Acetylcholine
2. Glutamate; GABA
3. Glycine, acetylcholine
4. GABA; glycine
5. Acetylcholine; dopamine |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary visual cortex is located within the _________ lobe |
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Term
| In Stage 3 or 4 deep sleep |
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Definition
| A person whose brain waves contain high-amplitude delta waves is most likely … |
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Term
| 5. All of the above are correct |
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Definition
Enzymes
1. Can break other molecules apart
2. Cane promote the formation of new molecules
3. Are molecules that control chemical reactions
4. Are proteins
5. All of the above are correct |
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Term
| 5. All of the above are correct |
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Definition
A key function of the autonomic nervous system involves control of
1. Smooth muscle
2. Glands
3. Cardiac muscle
4. “vegetative” bodily processes
5. All of the above are correct |
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Term
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Definition
| Caffeine promotes wakefulness because it is an adenosine agonist/antagonist (circle one) |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______ is the most caudal portion of the brain stem |
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Term
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Definition
A general mechanism by which postsynaptic potentials are terminated involves
1. Increased synthesis of the neurotransmitter (NT) molecule
2. Enzymatic degradation of the NT molecule
3. Reuptake of the NT molecule into the axon through a membrane transporter
4. Increased number of postsynaptic receptors
5. B and C are correct |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs that block or inhibit postsynaptic receptor effects are termed agonists/antagosits (circle one) |
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