Term
| We can analyze the motion of an object only if we compare the object's position to another point. This point is called a _________ point, all all observations are made to that point. |
|
Definition
| We can analyze the motion of an object only if we compare the object's position to another point. This point is called a reference point, all observations are made to that point. |
|
|
Term
| The ______ of an object occurs when an imaginary line joining the object to the reference point changes in ______ or _______ or both. |
|
Definition
| The motion of an object occurs when an imaginary line joining the object to the reference point changes in length or direction or both. |
|
|
Term
| When does the motion of an object occur ? |
|
Definition
| The motion of an object occurs when an imaginary line joining the object to the reference point changes in length or direction or both. |
|
|
Term
| What is the simplest type of motion ? |
|
Definition
| The simplest type of motion is uniform motion. |
|
|
Term
| _________ _______ is a term used to describe an object that is traveling at a constant rate of motion in a straight line. |
|
Definition
| Uniform Motion is a term used to describe an object that is traveling at a constant rate of motion in a straight line. |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE.
It is almost impossible to maintain motion in a perfectly straight line in everyday situations. |
|
Definition
TRUE.
It is almost impossible to maintain motion in a perfectly straight line in everyday situations. |
|
|
Term
| Because uniform motion is difficult to maintain, the term _________ ______ is usually used. It is a uniform motion that involves traveling a distance in a specified time. |
|
Definition
| Because uniform motion is difficult to maintain, the average speed is usually used. Average speed is uniform motion that involves traveling a distance in a specified time. |
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for velocity ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for average speed ? |
|
Definition
| average speed = distance travelled / time elapsed. |
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to use graphs when studying uniform motion ? |
|
Definition
| A graph is an important tool for studying uniform motion because it not only shows the relationship between the two variables, but also provides a visual representation of the motion. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of graphs that can be used to study uniform motion ? |
|
Definition
| For uniform motion, there are two types of graphs that can be used. They are a distance-time graph and a speed-time graph. |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE.
As long as the line is straight, the object represented in the graph is displaying uniform motion. If the line of best fit were a curve of any type, this would mean the object was changing distance travelled in equal time intervals. |
|
Definition
TRUE.
As long as the line is a straight line, the object represented in the graph is displaying uniform motion. If the line of best fir were a curve of any type, this would mean the object was changing distance travelled in equal time intervals. |
|
|
Term
| How can you determine if an object is in uniform motion? |
|
Definition
| The slope (slope = rise/run) = 0 indicates a speed to be uniform. |
|
|
Term
| When is an object traveling at uniform motion? |
|
Definition
| When that object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. |
|
|
Term
| ________ describes both the rate of motion and the direction of an object. |
|
Definition
| Velocity describes both the rate of motion and the direction of an object. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between speed and velocity? |
|
Definition
| The difference between speed and velocity is that speed is a scalar quantity, and velocity is a vector quantity. |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE.
Not all quantities in science can be classified as either scalar or vector quantities. |
|
Definition
FALSE.
All quantities in science can be classified as either scalar or vector quantities. |
|
|
Term
| A _______ quantity is one that only indicates "how much" (the magnitude) of the quantity. |
|
Definition
| A scalar quantity is the one that only indicates "how much" (the magnitude) of the quantity, |
|
|
Term
| A _______ quantity indicates "how much" (the magnitude) and the direction of the quantity. |
|
Definition
| A vector quantity indicates "how much" (the magnitude) and the direction of the quantity. |
|
|
Term
| How is a vector quantity written ? |
|
Definition
| A vector quantity is written with a vector arrow above the symbol for the measured quantity. For example, the symbol for speed is v, and the symbol for velocity is a v with an arrow on top. |
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of related scalar and vector quantities. |
|
Definition
| Distance travelled and displacement are two other examples of related scalar and vector quantities. |
|
|
Term
| Distance travelled is a _______ quantity. |
|
Definition
| Distance travelled is a scalar quantity. It is a measurement of the change in distance of an object moving from a starting reference point. |
|
|
Term
| Displacement is a _______ quantity. |
|
Definition
| Displacement is a vector quantity. It is a measurement of change in distance and the direction or the change in position of an object from a reference to a point. |
|
|
Term
| A person moves 3m to the right of a bus stop and than left 5m, putting her final position at 2m left of the bus stop. The distance (Δd) is the total distance travelled by the person on both sides of the bus stop. So Δd is 8m. The displacement (Δd→) is the person's change in position relative to the bus stop. So Δd→ is only 2m (left). |
|
Definition
| A person moves 3m to the right of a bus stop and than left 5m, putting her final position at 2m left of the bus stop. The distance (Δd) is the total distance travelled by the person on both sides of the bus stop. So Δd is 8m. The displacement (Δd→) is the person's change in position relative to the bus stop. So Δd→ is only 2m (left). |
|
|
Term
| You are describing ______ when you record distance travelled and displacement. You must indicate this by using the ___ notation to indicate a change in the distance or the position of an object. |
|
Definition
| You are describing motion when you record distance travelled and displacement. You must indicate this by using the "Δ" notation to indicate a change in the distance or the position of the object. |
|
|
Term
Ex. The difference between distance and displacement:
- The distance travelled by the person is Δd =3m + 5m = 8m
- The displacement of the person relative to the bus stop is Δd→ = 3m (right) + -5m (left) = -2m (left). |
|
Definition
Ex. The difference between distance and displacement:
- The distance travelled by the person is Δd =3m + 5m = 8m
- The displacement of the person relative to the bus stop is Δd→ = 3m (right) + -5m (left) = -2m (left). |
|
|
Term
| What is the X-Axis method ? |
|
Definition
| The x-axis method for determining vector directions uses the mathematical method of setting up a coordinate system grid with an "x" axis and a "y" axis, similar to a graph. |
|
|
Term
On an x-axis grid ;
(up) and (right) are _______.
(down) and (left) are ________.
Directions between the axis lines are given only in degrees and are not given a positive or negative value. |
|
Definition
On a x-axis grid ;
(up) and (right) are positive.
(down) and (left) are negative.
Directions between the axis lines are given only in degrees and are not given a positive or negative value. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Navigator Method ? |
|
Definition
| The navigator method uses the directions of north (N), south (S), east (E) & west (W) on a grid to identify vector directions. |
|
|
Term
| When using the Navigator Method, where is the starting point ? |
|
Definition
| North is the starting reference point of 0°. In this method, directions are stated clockwise from north. |
|
|
Term
On a navigator grid ;
(N) and (E) are _______.
(S) and (W) are _______.
Directions between the axis lines are given only in degrees and are not given a positive or negative value. |
|
Definition
On a navigator grid ;
(N) and (E) are positive.
(S) and (W) are negative.
Directions between the axis lines are given only in degrees and are not given a positive or negative value. |
|
|
Term
| REMEMBER TO READ VECTOR PROBLEMS CAREFULLY TO SEE WHICH METHOD YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO USE TO SOLVE THEM (A-AXIS) OR (NAVIGATOR). |
|
Definition
| REMEMBER TO READ VECTOR PROBLEMS CAREFULLY TO SEE WHICH METHOD YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO USE TO SOLVE THEM (A-AXIS) OR (NAVIGATOR). |
|
|
Term
| Both distance travelled and speed are _______ quantities. |
|
Definition
| Both distance travelled and speed are scalar quantities. |
|
|
Term
| To calculate average velocity, you use _________. |
|
Definition
| To calculate average velocity, you use displacement. |
|
|
Term
| Both displacement and velocity are _______ quantities, |
|
Definition
| Both displacement and velocity are vector quantities. |
|
|
Term
Scalar or Vector quantity ;
Distance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scalar or Vector quantity ;
Speed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scalar or Vector quantity ;
Displacement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scalar or Vector quantity ;
Velocity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Is this an example of velocity ?
The average velocity of a car on the highway from Edmonton to Red Deer might be 100km/h (S). |
|
Definition
| Yes, this is an example of velocity. |
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of related scalar and vector quantities. |
|
Definition
| Distance travelled and displacement are two other examples of related scalar and vector quantities. |
|
|
Term
| Distance travelled is a _______ quantity. |
|
Definition
| Distance travelled is a scalar quantity. It is a measurement of the change in distance of an object moving from a starting reference point. |
|
|
Term
| Displacement is a _______ quantity. |
|
Definition
| Displacement is a vector quantity. It is a measurement of change in distance and the direction or the change in position of an object from a reference to a point. |
|
|
Term
| A person moves 3m to the right of a bus stop and than left 5m, putting her final position at 2m left of the bus stop. The distance (Δd) is the total distance travelled by the person on both sides of the bus stop. So Δd is 8m. The displacement (Δd→) is the person's change in position relative to the bus stop. So Δd→ is only 2m (left). |
|
Definition
| A person moves 3m to the right of a bus stop and than left 5m, putting her final position at 2m left of the bus stop. The distance (Δd) is the total distance travelled by the person on both sides of the bus stop. So Δd is 8m. The displacement (Δd→) is the person's change in position relative to the bus stop. So Δd→ is only 2m (left). |
|
|
Term
| You are describing ______ when you record distance travelled and displacement. You must indicate this by using the ___ notation to indicate a change in the distance or the position of an object. |
|
Definition
| You are describing motion when you record distance travelled and displacement. You must indicate this by using the "Δ" notation to indicate a change in the distance or the position of the object. |
|
|
Term
Ex. The difference between distance and displacement:
- The distance travelled by the person is Δd =3m + 5m = 8m
- The displacement of the person relative to the bus stop is Δd→ = 3m (right) + -5m (left) = -2m (left). |
|
Definition
Ex. The difference between distance and displacement:
- The distance travelled by the person is Δd =3m + 5m = 8m
- The displacement of the person relative to the bus stop is Δd→ = 3m (right) + -5m (left) = -2m (left). |
|
|
Term
| What is the X-Axis method ? |
|
Definition
| The x-axis method for determining vector directions uses the mathematical method of setting up a coordinate system grid with an "x" axis and a "y" axis, similar to a graph. |
|
|
Term
On an x-axis grid ;
(up) and (right) are _______.
(down) and (left) are ________.
Directions between the axis lines are given only in degrees and are not given a positive or negative value. |
|
Definition
On a x-axis grid ;
(up) and (right) are positive.
(down) and (left) are negative.
Directions between the axis lines are given only in degrees and are not given a positive or negative value. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Navigator Method ? |
|
Definition
| The navigator method uses the directions of north (N), south (S), east (E) & west (W) on a grid to identify vector directions. |
|
|
Term
| When using the Navigator Method, where is the starting point ? |
|
Definition
| North is the starting reference point of 0°. In this method, directions are stated clockwise from north. |
|
|
Term
On a navigator grid ;
(N) and (E) are _______.
(S) and (W) are _______.
Directions between the axis lines are given only in degrees and are not given a positive or negative value. |
|
Definition
On a navigator grid ;
(N) and (E) are positive.
(S) and (W) are negative.
Directions between the axis lines are given only in degrees and are not given a positive or negative value. |
|
|
Term
| REMEMBER TO READ VECTOR PROBLEMS CAREFULLY TO SEE WHICH METHOD YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO USE TO SOLVE THEM (A-AXIS) OR (NAVIGATOR). |
|
Definition
| REMEMBER TO READ VECTOR PROBLEMS CAREFULLY TO SEE WHICH METHOD YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO USE TO SOLVE THEM (A-AXIS) OR (NAVIGATOR). |
|
|
Term
| Both distance travelled and speed are _______ quantities. |
|
Definition
| Both distance travelled and speed are scalar quantities. |
|
|
Term
| To calculate average velocity, you use _________. |
|
Definition
| To calculate average velocity, you use displacement. |
|
|
Term
| Both displacement and velocity are _______ quantities, |
|
Definition
| Both displacement and velocity are vector quantities. |
|
|
Term
Scalar or Vector quantity ;
Distance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scalar or Vector quantity ;
Speed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scalar or Vector quantity ;
Displacement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scalar or Vector quantity ;
Velocity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Is this an example of velocity ?
The average velocity of a car on the highway from Edmonton to Red Deer might be 100km/h (S). |
|
Definition
| Yes, this is an example of velocity. |
|
|
Term
| Average Velocity is uniform motion that involves changing a position in a specified time. What is the equation to determine the average velocity quantitatively. |
|
Definition
Average Velocity = displacement/time elapsed.
V→ = Δd→ / Δt
= d→ final - d→ initial / t final - t initial. |
|
|
Term
| Velocity is a vector quantity, so you must state its _________ & _________. |
|
Definition
| Velocity is a vector quantity, so you must state its magnitude & direction. |
|
|
Term
| Why are graphs an important tool for studying uniform motion ? |
|
Definition
| Graphs are an important tool for studying uniform motion. They show the relationship between two variables and provide a visual representation of the motion. |
|
|
Term
| Someone studying an objects motion would keep track of both the _____ & _______ to determine velocity. |
|
Definition
| Someone studying an objects motion would keep track of both the speed & direction to determine the velocity. |
|
|
Term
| Someone studying an objects motion would keep track of both the speed & direction to determine the ________. |
|
Definition
| Someone studying an objects motion would keep track of both the speed & direction to determine the velocity. |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE
Motion is not uniform, when objects increase and decrease velocity. |
|
Definition
TRUE.
Motion is not uniform, when objects increase and decrease velocity. |
|
|
Term
| What is one difference between a scalar and a vector quantity? |
|
Definition
Speed is a scalar quantity, where as velocity is a vector quantity.
A scalar quantity is one that only indicates "how much" (the magnitude) of the quantity. A vector quantity indicates "how much" (the magnitude) and the direction of the quantity. |
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of scalar quantities ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of vector quantities ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The change in velocity during a specific time interval is called ____________. |
|
Definition
| The change in velocity during a specific time interval is called acceleration. |
|
|
Term
| What is the simplest type of motion ? |
|
Definition
| Uniform motion is the simplest type of motion. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of motion ? |
|
Definition
| Acceleration motion is the most common type of motion. |
|
|
Term
| Like velocity, acceleration is a _______ quantity, so you must determine both its __________ & _________. |
|
Definition
| Like velocity, acceleration is a vector quantity, so you must determine both its magnitude & direction. |
|
|
Term
| Why are different types of acceleration possible ? |
|
Definition
| Different types of acceleration are possible because both the magnitude and direction of velocity can change. |
|
|
Term
| When an object is speeding up, the __________ of its velocity is increasing. |
|
Definition
| When an object is speeding up, the magnitude of its velocity is increasing. |
|
|
Term
| When an object is speeding up, the magnitude of its velocity is _________. |
|
Definition
| When an object is speeding up, the magnitude of its velocity is increasing. |
|
|
Term
| When an object is speeding up, the magnitude of its _______ is increasing. |
|
Definition
| When an object is speeding up, the magnitude of its velocity is increasing. |
|
|
Term
| When an object is slowing down, the magnitude of its velocity is _________. |
|
Definition
| When an object is slowing down, the magnitude of the velocity is decreasing. |
|
|
Term
| When an object is slowing down, the ___________ of the velocity is decreasing. |
|
Definition
| When an object is slowing down, the magnitude of the velocity is decreasing. |
|
|
Term
| When an object is slowing down, the magnitude of the _______ is decreasing. |
|
Definition
| When an object is slowing down, the magnitude of the velocity is decreasing. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two ways positive acceleration occurs ? |
|
Definition
1) When the change in both the magnitude of the velocity and the direction are positive.
2) When the change in both the magnitude of the velocity and the direction are negative. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two ways negative acceleration occurs ? |
|
Definition
1) When the change in the magnitude of the velocity is negative while the direction is positive.
2) When the change in the magnitude of the velocity is positive while the direction is negative. |
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for acceleration ? |
|
Definition
| Acceleration = change in velocity/time interval. |
|
|
Term
| The line of best fit for an object traveling with uniform motion was shown to be a straight line. Why was this. |
|
Definition
| The line of best fir for an object traveling with uniform motion was shown to be a straight line because the velocity was uniform. |
|
|
Term
| What is the line best fit for accelerated motion ? |
|
Definition
| The line best fir for accelerated motion is a smooth curve. |
|
|
Term
| A graph has an increasing slope, what does this indicate ? |
|
Definition
| A graph has an increasing slope, this indicates positive acceleration. |
|
|
Term
| A graph has a decreasing slope, what does this indicate ? |
|
Definition
| A graph has a decreasing slope, which indicates negative acceleration. |
|
|
Term
| A graph has an increasing slope, what does this indicate ? |
|
Definition
| A graph has an increasing slope, this indicates positive acceleration. |
|
|
Term
| A graph has a decreasing slope, what does this indicate ? |
|
Definition
| A graph has a decreasing slope, which indicates negative acceleration. |
|
|
Term
| A graph has an increasing slope, what does this indicate ? |
|
Definition
| A graph has an increasing slope, this indicates positive acceleration. |
|
|
Term
| A graph has a decreasing slope, what does this indicate ? |
|
Definition
| A graph has a decreasing slope, which indicates negative acceleration. |
|
|
Term
| Just in case your wondering, |
|
Definition
| The question of why objects exhibit uniform or accelerated motion puzzled philosophers and scientists for centuries. |
|
|
Term
| Who described the important relationships between forces and motion ? When did he do it ? |
|
Definition
| It wasn't until the 1600's that Isaac Newton described the important relationship between forces and motion |
|
|
Term
| What did Isaac Newton describe in the 1600's. |
|
Definition
| It wasn't until the 1600's that Isaac Newton described the important relationship between forces and motion |
|
|
Term
| A ball at rest on a billiard table will _______ __ _____. |
|
Definition
| A ball at rest on a billiard table will remain at rest. |
|
|
Term
| Why doesn't a ball at rest on a billiard table stay at rest ? |
|
Definition
| It does not move because all forces acting on it are balanced. |
|
|
Term
| _____ is defined as a push or a pull on an object. |
|
Definition
| Force is defined as a push or a pull on an object. |
|
|
Term
| What is Force measured in ? |
|
Definition
| Force is measured in Newtons. |
|
|
Term
| When will a resting ball move ? |
|
Definition
| The resting ball will only move when an unbalanced force is applied to it through a distance. |
|
|
Term
| When is there an unbalanced force. |
|
Definition
| There is an unbalanced force, when the force acting in one direction is greater than the force acting in the opposite direction. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when a cue comes in contact with the ball ? |
|
Definition
| If a person hits a stationary ball with a cue, he or she used energy to apply the force. The energy was transferred from the person to the ball through the cue. The ball then gained energy and, as a result, acquired a change in motion. |
|
|
Term
| Once an object is in motion, it tend to remain in motion, moving at a constant speed in a straight line. What happens if an unbalanced force is applied ? |
|
Definition
| On an object is in motion, it tends to remain in motion, moving at a constant speed in a straight line. However, if an unbalanced force is applied to the moving ball, it will either speed up or slow down (accelerate). If the unbalanced force is applied in the same direction as the ball's motion, the ball will speed up. |
|
|
Term
| Why does a ball move, when hit by a cue ? |
|
Definition
| The person applying the force to the ball transfers energy to the ball. If the unbalanced force, such as friction between the table and the ball, is applied in the direction opposite to the direction of the ball's motion, the ball will slow down. Without such a resistive force, the ball would tend to keep moving. |
|
|
Term
| In the absence of any external unbalanced forces, what do objects tend to do ? |
|
Definition
| In the absence of any external unbalanced forces, such as resistive forces, all objects tend to maintain uniform motion or stay at rest. |
|
|
Term
| Is energy input required to maintain uniform motion ? |
|
Definition
| An object in motion will stay in motion, and no energy input is required to maintain uniform motion. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when an unbalanced force is applied to an object ? |
|
Definition
| If an unbalanced force is applied to an object, energy is transferred to the object. This causes a change in the motion of the object. |
|
|
Term
| Can you explain the movement of energy when putting a cork in a bottle of wine ? |
|
Definition
| The person must apply a force to turn the cork borer and, in process, the person uses up energy. This energy is transferred to the cork and the cork borer and results in a change in temperature. |
|
|
Term
| Whenever a force moves an object through a distance that is on the direction of the force, then _____ is done on the object. |
|
Definition
| Whenever a force moves an object through a distance that is on the direction of the force, then work is done on the object. |
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for calculating work ? |
|
Definition
Work = force x distance the object travels.
W = Fd |
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for calculating Joules ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Just in case your wondering, |
|
Definition
| In physics, work is a very specific term and has a more specific meaning than its everyday meaning. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three conditions for work to be done ? |
|
Definition
There are three conditions for work to be done on an object.
1) There must be movement.
2) There must be force.
3) The force and the distance the object travels must be in the same direction. |
|
|
Term
| When a _____ is applied to move an object through a ________, work is done on the object. |
|
Definition
| When a force is applied to move an object through a distance, work is done on the object. |
|
|
Term
| How do you calculate work input ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An object will gain energy as a result of work done on the object, what is this energy called ? |
|
Definition
| An object gains energy as a result of work done on the object. This energy is called energy output or work output. |
|
|
Term
| In the absence of any outside forces, such as friction, the total work input should (be less than/equal/be more than) the total work output. |
|
Definition
| In the absence of any outside forces, such as friction, the total work input should equal the total work output. |
|
|
Term
TRUE OR FALSE.
If a body has energy, then the body can do work by transferring the energy to another object. |
|
Definition
TRUE.
If a body has energy, then the body can do work by transferring the energy to another object. |
|
|
Term
| _______ is the ability to do work. |
|
Definition
| Energy is the ability to do work. |
|
|
Term
| Are work and energy the same thing ? |
|
Definition
| Yes, work and energy are actually the same thing. If a body does work on an object, then the body doing the work loses energy, and the object that has work done to it, gains energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ __ ______ = work. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Force = Push or pull applied to an object; measured in newtons. |
|
|
Term
| Why did the idea of energy elude early scientists ? |
|
Definition
| The idea of energy eluded early scientists because energy is a very difficult concept to define. |
|
|
Term
| When wood burns, the energy in the cellulose molecules is released, turning to heat. What is this evidence of ? |
|
Definition
| When wood burns, the energy in the cellulose molecules is released, turning to heat. This is evidence that there is energy in a chemical reaction. and that this energy can be converted to heat. |
|
|
Term
| ________ ______ is the potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of compounds. |
|
Definition
| Chemical Energy is the potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of compounds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The food you eat contains chemical energy that the body uses to do work in the cells. |
|
|
Term
| ___________, or _________ ______, is the work done by moving charges. |
|
Definition
| Electricity, or electrical energy, is the work done by moving charges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Volta Pile - the first battery - was invented by Italian Physicist Alessandro Volta. |
|
|
Term
| What is The Volta Pile made of ? |
|
Definition
| The Volta Pile is made of stacked layers of two different metals such as copper and silver, with moistened paper sandwiched between each layer. If a wire is connected from either end of the stack to an external circuit, the Volta Pile can produce a constant electric current. |
|
|
Term
| What does The Volta Pile provide evidence of ? |
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Definition
| The Volta Pile provides evidence of a connection between chemical energy and electrical energy. |
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Term
| If you hold a magnet above iron filings, the filings move toward the magnet. What does this indicate ? |
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Definition
| If you hold a magnet above iron fillings, the fillings move toward the magnet, indicating that magnetism is a form of energy. |
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Term
| What did Danish physicist & philosopher Hans Oersted discover in 1820 ? |
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Definition
| That an electrical current in a wire could produce magnetic effects. By accident, he passed a metal wire that had a current passing through it over a compass. As he did this, he noticed that the compass needle moved. The change in the needle's position showed that electricity can produce magnetism. This discovery led to the invention of the electromagnet. |
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Term
| What did Michael Faraday discover in London, England in 1831 ? |
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Definition
| While Oersted showed that electricity can produce magnetism, Michael Faraday showed that the reverse can happen. He moved a magnet through a coil of wire and observed that this cause an electric current to flow through the wire. |
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Term
| In 1821, what did Estonian-German physicist Thomas Seebeck do ? |
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Definition
| Thomas Seebeck took a strip of one type of metal and joined its ends to a strip of another type of metal to form a loop. He heated one of the junctions of the two metals and kept the other cold. The difference in temperature between the junctions caused the electrons inside the metal to move, producing an electrical current. The magnetic field created by the current caused a compass needle to move. This experiment was evidence that heat could be converted into electricity. |
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Term
| What did Thomas Edison do in the late 1800's ? What did this show ? |
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Definition
| The invention of the light bulb by Thomas Edison in the late 1800's showed that heat and light are two forms of energy that could be produced from electricity. |
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Term
| What did Henri Becquerel observe in France in 1896 ? What did it lead to? |
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Definition
| In France in 1896, Henri Becquerel observed that certain atoms spontaneously disintegrate, and in the process, emit radiation or radiant energy. This led to the development of a new source of energy, nuclear energy. |
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Term
| ________ _____ is the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. |
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Definition
| Nuclear Energy is the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. |
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Term
| When is nuclear energy released ? |
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Definition
| Nuclear Energy is the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. When the nucleus of an atom is split (nuclear fission) or when the nuclei of two atoms combine (nuclear fusion), this energy is released. |
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Term
| What is nuclear fission ? |
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Definition
| Nuclear fission, is the splitting of an atom. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nuclear fusion, is the combining of the nuclei of two atoms. |
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Term
| What is the sun's source of energy ? |
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Definition
| Once the secrets of nuclear fission and fusion reactions were discovered, scientists then understood that these reactions must be the source of energy in the Sun. |
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Term
| _____ ______ results from a hydrogen-hydrogen nuclear fusion reaction with the release of nuclear energy. The radiant energy travels to Earth as electromagnetic radiation. It is converted to other forms of energy, such as heat. |
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Definition
| Solar energy results from a hydrogen-hydrogen nuclear fusion reaction with the release of nuclear energy. The radiant energy travels to Earth as electromagnetic radiation. It is converted to other forms of energy, such as heat. |
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Term
| What are the two types of energy that can be observed in nature ? |
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Definition
1) Flowing water, wind, or any object in motion could be made to do work because of its motion, and thus has kinetic energy.
2) An object raised above Earth's surface has the potential to do work, because of its position, and thus has gravitational potential energy. |
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Term
| The sum of the energy of motion and position is known as _________ _____. |
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Definition
| The sum of the energy of motion and position is know as mechanical energy. |
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Term
| The relation of heat to atomic motion was largely forgotten until the _____. |
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Definition
| The relation of heat to atomic motion was largely forgotten until the 1700's. |
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Term
| ______________, a science dealing with the study of the interrelationships of heat, work and energy. |
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Definition
| Thermodynamics, a science dealing with the study of the interrelationships of heat, work and energy. |
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Term
| The transfer of thermal energy from a hot object to a cold object is defined as ____. |
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Definition
| The transfer of thermal energy from a hot object to a cold object is defined as heat. |
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Term
| Who was the first person to realize that heat and mechanical energy were related. |
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Definition
| American Benjamin Thompson discovered this in 1800. After this discovery scientists started to realize that heat and mechanical energy were different types of energy that could be converted from one to another. |
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Term
| What did English physicist Thomas Young link together in 1807 ? |
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Definition
| Thomas Young linked mechanical energy to Leibniz's theory of kinetic and potential energy in moving objects. While Leibniz thought an object had either kinetic or potential energy, Young correctly suggested that mechanical energy combined both kinetic and potential energy. |
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Term
| What did the French engineer Sadi Carnot discover ? |
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Definition
| He discovered that the transformation of heat into mechanical energy could only occur when thermal energy flows from a hot object to a cool object. He also discovered that in his process some heat is always lost. He determined the laws of heat efficiency of heat engines. |
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE.
BY 1720, it was widely accepted that heat was not a physical substance. |
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Definition
FALSE.
By 1840, it was widely accepted that heat was not a physical substance. |
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE.
Sometimes, the force applied to an object is being used not to change the motion of the object, but to oppose another force acting on the object. |
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Definition
TRUE.
Sometimes, the force applied to an object is being used not to change the motion of the object, but to oppose another force acting on the object. |
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Term
| An object may store energy because of its position relative to some other subject. It is called _______ ______ because it has the potential to do work. |
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Definition
| An object may store energy because of its position relative to some other subject. It is called potential energy because it has the potential to do work. |
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Term
| There are several types of potential energy, what does the type of potential energy depend on? |
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Definition
| The are several types of potential energy. The type of potential energy depends on how the energy is stored. |
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Term
| What is the difference between mass & weight? |
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Definition
| Mass (m) is a scalar quantity and is measured in kilograms (kg). The weight of the object (W→) is a vector quantity. |
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Term
| What is weight the measurement of? |
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Definition
| Weight is a measure of the force of gravitational attraction on an object in newtons (N). |
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Term
| Does the mass of an object ever change? Does the weight of an object ever change? |
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Definition
| The mass of an object does not change because the amount of matter the object possess is constant. However, the weight of an object depends on the acceleration due to gravity (g→), and this value changes, so the weight of an object can change. |
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Term
| What equation determine the weight of an object from its mass ? |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE.
If no energy is lost, then the initial work done should equal the elastic potential energy. |
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Definition
TRUE.
If no energy is lost, then the initial work done should equal the elastic potential energy. |
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Term
| What is the value of acceleration due to gravity near the surface ? |
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Definition
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Term
| The energy found in chemicals is a form of ________ energy. |
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Definition
| The energy found in chemicals is a form of potential energy. This energy is stored in the bonds of chemical compounds. When a chemical change takes place, the positions of electric charges are altered and energy is released. |
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Term
| Any substance that can be used to do work through a chemical reaction has _________ ______. |
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Definition
| Any substance that can be used to do work though a chemical reaction has potential energy. Ex. The potential energy of fossil fuels such as gasoline is only released when the gasoline undergoes a chemical combustion reaction. |
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Term
| ______ was the first physical quantity to be associated with the concept of energy. |
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Definition
| Motion was the first physical quantity to be associated with the concept of energy. |
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Term
| The type of energy associated with the motion of an object is called _______ ______. |
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Definition
| The type of energy associated with the motion of an object is called kinetic energy. |
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Term
| What is the formula for kinetic energy ? |
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Definition
| Kinetic energy = 1/2 (mass of the object)(speed)² . |
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE
When energy is transferred to an object, in can cause a change in both kinetic and potential energy simultaneously. |
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Definition
TRUE.
When energy is transferred to an object, in can cause a change in both kinetic and potential energy simultaneously. Ex. A ball thrown upward has kinetic energy because of tis motion, and also has potential energy because of its position above the surface of Earth. |
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Term
| Since kinetic and potential energy are so closely related in many situations involving energy transfers, they are combined as a general type of energy called _________ ______, which is defined as the energy due to the motion and position of an object. |
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Definition
| Since kinetic and potential energy are so closely related in many situations involving energy transfers, they are combined as a general type of energy called mechanical energy, which is defined as the energy due to the motion and position of an object. |
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Term
| What is the formula for mechanical energy ? |
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Definition
| Mechanical energy = kinetic energy + potential energy |
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Term
| _______ ______ can be converted into kinetic energy which can be converted into _________ ______. |
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Definition
| Potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy, which can be converted into potential energy. |
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Term
| What is the law of conservation of energy ? |
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Definition
| The law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy in a given situation remains constant. Energy can be converted from one form to another but the total amount of energy never changes. Thus, the total amount of mechanical energy remains constant. In the absence of outside forces, kinetic energy may be converted to potential energy and vice-versa, without loss, so that the total amount of mechanical energy always remains constant. |
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Term
| What law is fundamental is situations involving mechanical energy ? |
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Definition
| The law of conservation of energy. |
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