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Physics Comp
2013
210
Physics
Not Applicable
12/15/2012

Additional Physics Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Margin of Error
Definition
Smallest division a measuring device has.
Term
Velocity
Definition
Rate in change in displacement.

v=Δx/Δt

OR

Units are m/s.

v=vf-vi

Term
Speed
Definition
How fast an object is moving. s=d/Δt Units are m/s.
Term
Vectors
Definition
Include magnitude, units, and a direction.
Term
Scalars
Definition
Include magnitude and units.
Term
Slope
Definition
Rise over run. m=Δy/Δx
Term
Area Under the Curve
Definition
Finds less complicated graph numbers. Base * Height
Term
Units
Definition
Tell what we are measuring.
Term
Magnitude
Definition
Actual number recorded/found. Doesn't mean anything without units.
Term
Unit Multiplier
Definition
Fractions with units in the numerator and equivalent units in the denominator.
Term
Displacement Equation
Definition
Δx= xf-xi
Term
Physical Quantity
Definition
Anything that can be measured.
Term
SI Units
Definition
Units based on a base-ten system used throughout the world except The United States. 7 base units, the rest are derived from those.
Term
Prefix
Definition
Letters added to the front of a base unit to increase or decrease the power.
Term
Qualitative Measurment
Definition
A measurment without numbers.
Term
Quantitative Measurment
Definition
A measurment with only numbers.
Term
Precise
Definition
Close to other guesses.
Term
Accurate
Definition
Close to the actual target.
Term
Motion
Definition
When position changes relative to a reference point.
Term
Instantaneous Velocity
Definition
The velocity over an instant.
Term
Average Velocity
Definition
The velocity over a certain time period.
Term
Uniform Motion
Definition
Motion which occurs at a constant velocity.
Term
Distance
Definition
The total amount traveled. Units are meters.
Term
Displacement
Definition
The shortest distance from Point A to Point B. Units are meters.
Term
At Rest
Definition
0 m/s
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
An educated guess; Generally If...then... statement; Testable
Term
Position
Definition
Where something is relative to a reference point. Symbol is x.
Term
Acceleration
Definition
Change in velocity over time. a=Δv/Δt Units are m/s/s.
Term
Reference Point
Definition
A still object to compare how far/fast another moves.
Term
Δ
Definition
Change
Term
Watt
Definition
Units for Power.
Term
Work
Definition
When a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force.
Term
Power
Definition
The rate at which work is done.
Term
Machine
Definition
A device created to made work easier.
Term
Joule
Definition
Units for work. Equal to one Newton-Meter.
Term
Energy
Definition
The ability to do work.
Term
W=FxD
Definition
The equation for work.
Term
P=W/T
Definition
The equation for power.
Term
Mechanical Advantage
Definition
How many times a machine multiplies force. Fout/Fin
Term
Work Input
Definition
The work done on a machine.
Term
Work Output
Definition
The amount of work done by a machine.
Term
Mechanical Effeicency
Definition
Comparision of machines' input and output. Wout/Win
Term
Lever
Definition
A simple Machine consisting of a piviot and a point. (See-saw)
Term
Inclined Plane
Definition
A simple Machine which is a slanted surface.
Term
Wedge
Definition
A moving double inclined plane. Also a simple machine.
Term
Thermal/heat energy
Definition
The total energy of the motion of particles which make up an object.
Term
Mechanical energy
Definition
Energy which causes an object to move or preserved energy.
Term
Kinectic energy
Definition
The energy of motion of an object.
Term
Potential energy
Definition
The energy which may be converted into motion.
Term
The Law of Conservation of Energy
Definition
Energy can't be created or destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another.
Term
Potential Energy Equation
Definition
Pe=mgh
Term
Kinetic Energy Equation
Definition
KE=1/2 mv2
Term
Temperature
Definition
Measure of KE in molecules. Kelvins.
Term
Inertia
Definition
The tendency of an object to remain in its original state of motion.
Term
Newton's First Law
Definition
An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
Term
Newton's Second Law
Definition
F=MA
Term
Newton's Third Law
Definition
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Term
Weight/ Gravitational force
Definition
The force of gravity; Mass times gravity; NOT mass. G=mg
Term
Acceleration due to Gravity
Definition
-9.8m/s/s
Term
Inference
Definition
Something guessed based on observations.
Term
Observation
Definition
Something that can be recorded based on the five senses.
Term
Free Body Diagram
Definition
A stetch to determine the net force and the direction of the forces.
Term
Net Force
Definition
All the forces added together.
Term
Normal Force
Definition
The surface; perpendicular to object; doesn't cause acceleration because it cancels out the force of gravity.
Term
Balanced forces
Definition
Forces that are not caused by humans; forces which cancel out.
Term
Applied Forces
Definition
Forces made by humans/ man-related events
Term
Tension Force
Definition
Rope/wire forces
Term
Spring Force
Definition
Spring Forces (no, not the season)
Term
Scientific Notation
Definition
Used for extremely small or large numbers Ex: 6.98x107= 69800000.
Term
Scientific Method
Definition
A way to accurately measure a certain event in nature.
Term
Equalibrium
Definition
Forces which cancel each other out.
Term
Friction Force
Definition
A force cause by two objects rubbing together.
Term
Force
Definition
A push or pull. Units are Newtons.
Term
Mass Units
Definition
Kilograms
Term
Momentum
Definition
Mass times velocity. Kilograms times Meters per Seconds
Term
Watt
Definition
Units for Power.
Term
Work
Definition
When a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force.
Term
Power
Definition
The rate at which work is done.
Term
Machine
Definition
A device created to made work easier.
Term
Joule
Definition
Units for work. Equal to one Newton-Meter.
Term
Energy
Definition
The ability to do work.
Term
W=FxD
Definition
The equation for work.
Term
P=W/T
Definition
The equation for power.
Term
Stationary Object
Definition
An object not in motion.
Term
Constant Velocity
Definition
No change in velocity (no acceleration).
Term
Resultant
Definition
The single vector whose affect is the same as all the individual vectors acting together.
Term
Component
Definition
The x and y of a vector.
Term
Balanced Forces
Definition
Forces which cancel each other out.
Term
Coefficient of Friction
Definition
A number which tells how "sticky" a surface is.
Term
Inversely Proportional
Definition
If one number goes up, the other goes down.
Term
Directly Proportional
Definition
If one number goes up, the other also goes up.
Term
Action-Reaction Pair
Definition
Two objects which exert equal forces on each other.
Term
Free Fall
Definition
An object is falling and the only force acting on it is gravity.
Term
Gravitational Fields
Definition
A region in space in which an object experiences forces.
Term
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Definition
Every object with mass attracts other objects with mass along a line with force.
Term
Equation for Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Definition
G=km1m2/r2
Term
Projectile
Definition
An object in the sky.
Term
Trajectory
Definition
The path an object takes as it moves through space.
Term
Parabola
Definition
A curve.
Term
System
Definition
All of the objects working together in a group.
Term
Newton's Second Law in Term of Momentum
Definition
Fnet=p/t
Term
Impulse
Definition
Change in momentum.
Term
Conservation of Momentum
Definition
Momentum is conserved in isolated systems.
Term
Elastic Collision
Definition
When after a collision, the two objects bounce off of each other.
Term
Inelastic Collision
Definition
When after a collision, the two objects stick together.
Term
Equation for Total Momentum
Definition
P1V1i=P1V1f
Term
Equation for Impulse
Definition
p=ft
Term
Work-Energy Theorem
Definition
Net work on a system equals change in kinetic energy.
Term
Total Energy Equation
Definition
TE=KE+PE
Term
Heat
Definition
Transfer of thermal energy.
Term
Thermal Equilibrium
Definition
When there is no heat gradient between two objects.
Term
Heat Capacity
Definition
Amount of heat needed to change the temperature of an object.
Term
Convection
Definition
When heat travels from one part of an object to another.
Term
Conduction
Definition
When the heat source and heat sink are connected.
Term
Radiation
Definition
When electromagnetic waves carry heat.
Term
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
If a=b and b=c, then a=c
Term
First Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
Conservation of energy
Term
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
Disorder in the universe always increases. (Entropy)
Term
Third Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
Absolute zero is the coldest temperature and molecules stop moving at this temperature.
Term
Medium
Definition
Any material made of matter.
Term
Oscillation
Definition
Periodic motion
Term
Wave
Definition
A periodic, continuous disturbance that consists of a train of pulses.
Term
Transverse Wave
Definition
The movement of particles is perpendicular to the motion of the wave.
Term
Peak
Definition
The highest point on a wave.
Term
Trough
Definition
The lowest point on a wave.
Term
Amplitude
Definition
The maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium point.
Term
Wavelength
Definition
The distance between two peaks.
Term
Node
Definition
Zero or equilibrium
Term
Period
Definition
How long it takes for two peaks to pass a certain point.
Term
Frequency
Definition
The number of peaks that pass through a point in one second.
Term
Wave Speed
Definition
How fast the wave moves.
Term
Longitudinal Wave
Definition
When the particles move parallel to the wave.
Term
Compression
Definition
Where the particles are closest together.
Term
Rarefaction
Definition
Where the particles are farthest apart.
Term
Constructive Interference
Definition
When two waves combine into a larger wave.
Term
Destructive Interference
Definition
When two waves combine into a smaller wave.
Term
Superposition
Definition
Two waves combining to form a new wave.
Term
Equation for Period
Definition
T=1/f
Term
Equation for Wave Speed
Definition
v=wavelength*frequency
Term
Sound
Definition
A pressure wave that can be sensed by an ear.
Term
Pitch
Definition
The frequency of sound waves.
Term
Infrasonic
Definition
Frequency below human hearing range.
Term
Ultrasonic
Definition
Frequency above human hearing range.
Term
Sound Quality
Definition
The shape of a sound wave.
Term
Loudness
Definition
The amplitude of a sound wave.
Term
Speed of Sound
Definition
344m/s
Term
Echo
Definition
The reflection of a sound wave.
Term
Reverberation
Definition
the overlap of many echoes.
Term
Intensity
Definition
Energy per area transmitted by a sound per second.
Term
Harmonic
Definition
The frequency at which standing waves can be made.
Term
Natural Frequency
Definition
The frequency at which objects tend to vibrate at when hit. AKA fundamental frequency.
Term
Resonance
Definition
The tendency of an object to vibrate at the maximum amplitude.
Term
Equation for Intensity
Definition
Intensity=Power/Area
Term
Light
Definition
Electromagnetic radiation
Term
Speed of Light
Definition
3x108m/s
Term
Color
Definition
The perception people have of certain wavelengths.
Term
Selective Reflection
Definition
Only certain frequencies are reflected.
Term
Selective Transmission
Definition
Only certain frequencies are transmitted.
Term
Primary Color
Definition
Red, Green, and Blue. Add together to make white.
Term
Complementary Color
Definition
Yellow, Magenta, Cyan.
Term
Light Ray
Definition
Arrows that show light paths.
Term
Fermat's Principle
Definition
Light rays take the path of least time.
Term
Incident Ray
Definition
The incoming ray.
Term
Reflected Ray
Definition
The outgoing ray.
Term
Law of Reflection
Definition
Incident Ray=Reflected ray
Term
Specular Reflection
Definition
Smooth surfaces allow parallel ray deflection.
Term
Diffuse Reflection
Definition
Bumpy surfaces make uneven deflection.
Term
Refraction
Definition
Bending of light due to change in speed.
Term
Critical Angle
Definition
The incident angle is 90 degrees.
Term
Total Internal Reflection
Definition
When light is reflected back into mediums because incident angles are larger than critical angles.
Term
Dispersion
Definition
When different light wavelengths diverge.
Term
Image
Definition
Representation of an object formed by mirrors or lenses.
Term
Real Image
Definition
Inverted images on screens.
Term
Virtual Image
Definition
Upright images unable to be on screens.
Term
Lens
Definition
A transparent material that can take rays and converge or diverge them.
Term
Converging Lens
Definition
Thicker in the middle.
Term
Diverging Lens
Definition
Thicker at the edges.
Term
Meniscus
Definition
The middle of the lens.
Term
Focus
Definition
The point at which the light rays meet.
Term
Focal Length
Definition
The distance between the lens and focus.
Term
Electrostatics
Definition
The study of non-moving charges.
Term
Electric Charge
Definition
Mutual attraction or repulsion between electrons and protons.
Term
Electric Force
Definition
A push or pull charges have on each other.
Term
Conservation of Charge
Definition
Charge is conserved.
Term
Coulomb's Law
Definition
F=kQ1Q2/r2
Term
Electric Field
Definition
A collection of charges that "give rise to vectors" in a region of space.
Term
Test Charge
Definition
A sample charge placed on a field map.
Term
Electric Potential Energy
Definition
The energy a charge has due to position.
Term
Electrical Potential
Definition
The electrical PE a positive test charge would have.
Term
Conductor
Definition
Charges freely move around.
Term
Insulator
Definition
Charges cannot move around.
Term
Induction
Definition
Placing a conductor in a field.
Term
Circuit Diagram
Definition
A drawing using symbols to represent an actual circuit.
Term
Electrical Circuit
Definition
A circuit with components.
Term
Series Circuit
Definition
Where there is one path.
Term
Parallel Circuit
Definition
Where there is more than one possible path.
Term
Potential Difference/Voltage
Definition
The difference in electrical potential energy per unit charge between two points.
Term
Resistor
Definition
A device that resists charge.
Term
Component
Definition
A part of an electrical circuit
Term
Ohm's Law
Definition
V=IR
Term
Current
Definition
The rate at which charges move past certain points.
Term
DC
Definition
Direct Current. One direction.
Term
AC
Definition
Alternating current. Switches direction.
Term
Resistance
Definition
Slowing down of current.
Term
Capacitance
Definition
The charge per volt stored.
Term
Capacitor
Definition
Device to store energy.
Term
Magnet
Definition
An object with aligned domains that exerts a non-contact force.
Term
Magnetic Field
Definition
A region in space where a magnet will experience a force.
Term
Magnetic Domain
Definition
A group of arrows in a magnet.
Term
Electromagnet
Definition
A wire that causes a magnetic field.
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