Term
| real object (lenses&mirrors) |
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Definition
positive s
object on same side as light going in |
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Term
| virtual object (lenses&mirrors) |
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Definition
negative s
object on other side as light going in |
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Definition
positive s'
image is on other side |
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Definition
negative s'
image is on same side as light going in |
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Term
| converging lens focal point |
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Definition
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Term
| diverging lens focal point |
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Definition
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Definition
positive s'
image on same side as light going in |
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Term
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Definition
negative s'
image is on other side |
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Term
| concave mirror focal point |
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Definition
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Term
| convex mirror focal point |
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Definition
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Term
| wavelength of visible light |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| behavior of a wave when it encounters a barrier (for any wave) |
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Definition
| individual wavelets that bend out creating lots of contructive interference |
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Term
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Definition
-speed of light at max in vacuum, decreases through media
-frequency of wave doesn't change from one medium to other--wavelength does
-change in wavelength causes phase change |
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Term
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Definition
-light travels in straight lines
-light rays can cross
-an object is a source of lightrays
-light rays travel forever unless it interacts w/ matter
-eye sees by focusing a bundle of rays |
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Term
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Definition
| angle of incidence equals angle of reflection(w/ respect to normal of surface) |
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Term
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Definition
thicker in center
refract parallel rays toward optical axis |
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Definition
thinner in center
refract parallel rays away from optical axis |
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Definition
| rays converge in front of mirror |
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Term
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Definition
| rays appear to diverge from behind mirror |
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Term
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Definition
| distance/point at which rays either converge or appear to diverge from |
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Term
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Definition
1. parallel--> goes through focal point
2. central-->straight through/back(mirrors)
3. focal point--> goes parallel |
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Definition
| formed by convergence of imaginary rays |
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Definition
| formed by convergence of real physical rays |
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Definition
| far sightedness --corrected by converging lens |
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Term
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Definition
| near sightedness -- corrected by diverging lens |
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Term
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Definition
| if two objects subtend same angle, appear to be the same size to eye |
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Definition
| image of first lens becomes object of second lens |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| charges adjust until there is no net force on any charge-->electrostatic equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
| an atom is charged if it has an unequal number of protons & e- |
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Term
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Definition
| an agent that exerts a force |
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Term
| drawing electric field lines |
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Definition
| draw in direction a positive charge would travel if it were brought close to source charge |
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Term
| electric field in capacitors |
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Definition
| electric field btw plates is uniform, positive to negative |
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Term
| graphical representations of electric potential |
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Definition
1) elevation graph
2) contour graph
3) potential graph |
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Term
| connecting potential and field |
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Definition
1)electric field is everywhere perpendicular to equipotential surfaces
2)electric field points in direction of decreasing v
3) field strength is inversely proportional to the spacing (d) between the equipotential surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
how much charge passes through in how much time
(electrons actually move against the current which conventionally is drawn in the direction of the electric field) |
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Term
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Definition
a source of potential difference
the potential difference between the terminals of a battery, often called the terminal voltage is the batteries emf |
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Term
| brightness in a lightbulb |
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Definition
| quality that is proportional to current that travels through a wire |
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Term
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Definition
| current going into a junction is equal to current coming out of a junction |
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Term
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Definition
| quality of a wire that depends on dimensions and material of said wire |
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Term
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Definition
interaction between moving charges created in two ways:
1) electric currents
2) permanent magnets |
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Term
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Definition
magnetic dipole--3 types:
current loop, permanent magnet, atomic magnets |
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Term
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Definition
1) quality that determines the force the magnet can exert on electric currents
2) the torque a magnetic field will exert on the magnetic moment |
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Term
| drawing field lines of bar magnet |
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Definition
north to south
magnetic field (B) is tangent to field lines
weaker when more spaced out, stronger when closer together |
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Term
| magnetic field of a solenoid |
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Definition
| fairly uniform on the inside and stronger inside as well |
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Term
| methods for calculating magnetic field |
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Definition
1)right hand rule for direction
2)use equation for magnitude
3) if result of two or more sources, use vector math to add appropriately |
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Term
| methods for quantizing magnetic forces |
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Definition
determine direction of magnetic field that exerts the force
- use right hand rule to determine direction (proton/electron!)
- get quantity of force if necessary |
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Term
| electromagnetic induction |
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Definition
push or pull magnet through coil or coil over magnet
bring a coil w/ current near to one without |
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Term
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Definition
| there is an induced current in a closed, conducting loop iff the magnetic flux through the loop is changing. The direction of the induced current is such that the induced magnetic field opposes the CHANGE in flux |
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Term
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Definition
-right hand rule
-self-sustaining oscillation of electric and magnetic fields
-transverse wave w/ E,B, and v mutually perpendicular
-travel at speed of light |
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Term
| AC power (alternating current) |
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Definition
-more efficient for long distance transmission of power
- typical frequencies can more easily disrupt the electrical stimulation of heart
-can easily step up/down in voltage due to alternating current |
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Term
| DC power (direct current) |
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Definition
better for long term energy storage in batteries
- difficult to step up or down voltages
- economically feasible to distribute power no more than 1.5 mi from power house |
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Term
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Definition
a coil of wire through which magnetic field changes b/c of an AC source of emf
- used in circuits to store energy in magnetic fields (like a capacitor in electric fields) |
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Term
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Definition
| simultaneous events in s frame aren't simultaneous in any other frame |
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Term
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Definition
| time moves more slowly in moving frame (w/ respect to still frame) |
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Term
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Definition
| length at rest is longer than length in moving frame |
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Term
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Definition
only demonstrates particle behavior of light
- occurs when x-ray less than 25KeV absorbed
- complete absorption of x-ray photon occurs |
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Term
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Definition
1) E=hf of discrete quanta
2) light quanta emitted/absorbed on all/nothing basis
3) light quantum, when absorbed, delivers entire energy to one electron |
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Term
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Definition
| why shouldn't matter also be a wave?! |
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Term
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Definition
| limit to what we can know--can't know velocity and location of a particle at the same time |
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Term
| Pauli Exclusion Principle |
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Definition
no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers
-applies to neutrons and protons as well |
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Term
| Excitation by Absorption and Collision |
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Definition
-energy is conserved
-photon absorption: all energy absorbed and used
-particle collision: not all energy has to be absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation |
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Term
| restrictions/requirements of lasering |
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Definition
1) number of electrons in upper level must be larger than in lower lever
2) l orbital jump must be +/- 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| energy that would be needed to disassemble a nucleus into nucleons |
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Term
| Four Fundamental Forces of Physics |
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Definition
1)strong nuclear force
2)weak nuclear force
3)gravitational force
4)electromagnetic force |
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Term
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Definition
- every known particle has a corresponding antiparticle twin that is the same in every way except for opposite charge
-when antiparticle and particles come in contact, they annihilate and energy is released |
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Term
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Definition
positron emission topography
uses radioactive tracer isotope to find activity in body from annihilation of particles and antiparticles |
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Term
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Definition
-do not respond to strong interaction
-no size or internal structure |
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Term
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Definition
-subject to strong interaction
-definite size
-made up of quarks
-mesons (quark and antiquark)
-baryons (three quarks)--protons and neutrons |
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