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Physics Definitions
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43
Physics
10th Grade
10/31/2012

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Term
Motion
Definition
The changing in position of an object relative to a reference point; an imaginary line joining the object to the reference point changes in length and direction or both.
Term
Uniform Motion
Definition
Movement in a straight line at a constant speed.
Term
Average Speed
Definition
Distance travelled in a specific time.
Term
Velocity
Definition
Speed and direction of an object.
Term
Scalar Quantity
Definition
Quantity that indicates magnitude only.
Term
Vector Quantity
Definition
Quantity that indicates magnitude and direction.
Term
Distance Travelled
Definition
Scaler quantity that measures how far an object has travelled.
Term
Displacement
Definition
Vector quantity that measures the change in direction and the change in direction or position of an object.
Term
Acceleration
Definition
Change in velocity during a specific time interval.
Term
Force
Definition
Push or pull applied to an object; measured in Newtons.
Term
Work
Definition
A measure of the amount of energy transferred from one object to another when an object moves against an opposing force or the speed of an object increases; calculated by multiplying the force acting on an object by the distance the object travels.
Term
Energy
Definition
Ability to do work.
Term
Chemical Energy
Definition
Potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of compounds.
Term
Electrical Energy
Definition
Work done by moving charges; energy produced by moving electrons.
Term
Nuclear Energy
Definition
Potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.
Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition
Energy of a moving object.
Term
Gravitational Potential Energy
Definition
Energy of an object because of its position above the surface of earth.
Term
Mechanical Energy
Definition
Energy due to the motion and position of an object.
Term
Thermodynamics
Definition
Study of the interrelationships between heat, work and energy.
Term
Heat
Definition
Energy transferred from an object at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature; thermal energy.
Term
Potential Energy
Definition
Energy that is stored and held in readiness; energy that has the potential to do work; types of potential energy include gravitational, elastic, and chemical.
Term
Elastic Potential Energy
Definition
Energy stored in an object that has its shape changed by stretching, twisting or compressing.
Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition
Energy of a moving object.
Term
Mechanical Energy
Definition
Energy due to the motion and position of an object.
Term
Thermal Power Stations
Definition
Electrical generating station that uses thermal energy to produce steam to drive turbines; sources of thermal energy include coal, natural gas, and nuclear energy.
Term
System
Definition
A set of interconnected parts; a system can be classified as open, closed or isolated.
Term
Open System
Definition
A system that exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings.
Term
Closed System
Definition
Any system that exchanges energy with its surrounding but does not exchange matter.
Term
Isolated System
Definition
System that cannot exchange either matter or energy with its surroundings.
Term
First Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
The total energy, including heat, in a system and its surroundings remain constant.
Term
Perfect Machine
Definition
Hypothetical machine in which all the input energy is converted completely into mechanical energy; also called perpetual motion machine.
Term
Perpetual Motion Machine
Definition
Hypothetical machine in which all the input energy is converted completely into mechanical energy; also called perfect machine.
Term
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Definition
Heat always flow naturally from a hot object to a cold object, never naturally from a cold object to a hot object.
Term
Heat Engine
Definition
Device that converts heat into mechanical energy.
Term
Heat Pump
Definition
Device that uses mechanical energy to transfer heat.
Term
Internal Combustion Engine
Definition
Device in which energy is released by burning fuel inside the engine.
Term
Energy Input
Definition
Energy used to do work.
Term
Useful Energy Output
Definition
Energy needed to do work.
Term
Useful Work Output
Definition
Work that a machine is supposed to do.
Term
Renewable Energy Source
Definition
Energy source that is continually and infinitely available.
Term
Non-Renewable Energy Source
Definition
Energy source that is limited and cannot be replaced.
Term
Cogeneration
Definition
Using waste energy from one process to power a second process.
Term
Sustainable
Definition
Description of any process that will not compromise the survival of living things or future generations while still providing for current energy needs.
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