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Physics Chapters 1-2 Test
Vocab words for the test on the first two chapters.
42
Physics
11th Grade
10/04/2009

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Term
reading errors
Definition
errors made due to the limited ability to read a measuring instrument
Term
random errors
Definition
errors that can be due to reading errors, carelessness, or unavoidable changes made in doing repeated measurements
Term
systematic errors
Definition
errors associated with particular measuring instruments or bias on the part of the observer, measurements usually spread about a value rather than being about the true/accepted value
Term
physics
Definition
the study of matter and energy and how it explains the origin and transformation of the universe
Term
matter
Definition
anything that has mass
Term
(gravitational) mass
Definition
the amount of material in an object
Term
inertia
Definition
a property of matter that resists any change in its motion
Term
inertial mass
Definition
a body's resistance to a change in motion, use an inertial balance
Term
mass density
Definition
ratio between the mass of an object and its volume
Term
weight density
Definition
ratio of weight of an object to its volume
Term
energy
Definition
the ability to do work
Term
potential energy
Definition
energy stored within a system
Term
gravitational potential energy
Definition
energy stored within a system due to an object's height above an arbitrarily chosen reference point
Term
internal potential energy
Definition
the energy stored in the atoms and electrons due to their arrangement within a material
Term
kinetic energy
Definition
energy in motion
Term
law of conservation of mechanical energy
Definition
in an isolated system, the total kinetic and potential energies remains constant
Term
law of conservation of energy
Definition
in any energy transformation, the energy put in or used is equal to the energy output
Term
law of conservation of matter
Definition
when matter is transformed from one type into another, no mass is lost
Term
derived units
Definition
represent a combination of fundamental units or are a combination of fundamental units
Term
fundamental unit
Definition
a unit measure of a basic physical quantity such as mass, length, time
Term
meter
Definition
fundamental unit for length
Term
kilogram
Definition
fundamental unit for mass
Term
second
Definition
fundamental unit for time
Term
unified atomic mass units
Definition
unit for mass on the atomic level, equal to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Term
weight
Definition
gravitational pull on an object
Term
candela
Definition
fundamental unit of luminous intensity
Term
ampere
Definition
fundamental unit of electric current
Term
kelvin
Definition
fundamental unit of temperature
Term
mole
Definition
fundamental unit of amount of substance
Term
newton
Definition
unit for weight in the MKS system
Term
volume
Definition
the amount of space an object takes up
Term
accuracy
Definition
how close your value is to the accepted value
Term
precision
Definition
how close the measurements in a set are to each other
Term
percent error
Definition
measured as the absolute value of the accepted value minus the experimental value over the accepted value times 100
Term
significant figures
Definition
the important digits in a measurement that are known with certainty plus one more digit that has been estimated (uncertain digit)
Term
graph
Definition
a drawing that tells you if the variables plotted are related and if they are what the relationship is
Term
independent variable
Definition
the variable in an experiment that is purposely changed
Term
dependent variable
Definition
the variable that changes due to changes in the independent variable
Term
scalar
Definition
a measurement that has a size (magnitude) and a unit
Term
vector
Definition
a measurement that has a size, a unit, and a direction
Term
frequency
Definition
the number of vibrations per second (in an inertial balance or other device)
Term
period
Definition
the number of seconds per vibration (in an inertial balance or other device)
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