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| Science is a system of knowledge and methods used to find knowledge |
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| Technology uses knowledge to solve problems |
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| Hypothesis is an explanation that has not been tested |
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| In an experiment the control stays the same |
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| Three times Ten to the Sixth ( 3 x 10 6) is an example of scientific notation |
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| Mass is the amount of matter in an object |
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| We often make mistakes when we measure |
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| For temperature Kelvin = Celsius + 273 |
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| Precision means your measurements are close together |
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| Elements are different types of atoms |
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| A compound is two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion |
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| A heterogenous mixture is NOT evenly mixed |
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| A solution could be salt dissolved in water |
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| Viscosity measures how easily a liquid flows |
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| Malleability means you can hammer a metal block into a thin sheet |
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| Melting point is the temperature where a solid becomes a liquid |
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| If a material is more dense than water then that material will sink in water |
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| Physical change only changes the appearance of matter |
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| Flammable substances can burn |
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| Chemical change produces a new material |
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| Chemical reaction might produce gas bubbles |
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| Matter is made of moving particles |
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| Heat is produced by moving particles |
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| Temperature measures the average speed of moving particles |
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| Absolute zero is the temperature at which particles would stop moving |
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| Freezing changes a liquid to a solid |
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| When water turns to ice it loses heat |
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| Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms |
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| Democritus and Aristotle debated about atoms but never did any experiments |
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| Dalton produced the first modern theory about atoms |
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| Thomson discovered the electron |
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| Rutherford and his team discovered the nucleus |
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| Most of an atom is empty space |
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| Mendeleev invented the periodic chart |
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| Atomic number tells you the number of protons in an atom |
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| On the periodic chart vertical columns are called groups |
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| Atoms are not destroyed but are rearranged in a chemical reaction |
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| Electrons are negative charges in an atom |
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| Number of protons + Number of neutrons = Mass number |
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| Metals are shiny and good conductors of electricity |
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| Periodic law says that the properties of the elements repeat |
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| Most atoms are stable with 8 valence electrons |
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| Ionic bond is when one atom takes electrons from another atom |
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| CA two plus ( CA 2+ ) is a cation |
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| A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms closer together |
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| Ionic crystals break easily |
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| In covalent bonds two atoms share a pair of electrons between them |
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| Polar covalent bonds do NOT share electrons equally |
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| Fe teo plus ( Fe 2+ ) is named the iron ( ll ) ion |
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| Physical Science Final Study Guide |
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| Metals contain metallic bonds |
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| Alloys are mixtures of different metals |
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| In a chemical reaction the mass before = the mass after |
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| C + 02 ---- CO2 is a chemical equation |
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| C + O2 ---- CO2 is a balanced equation |
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