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Physical Science
Physical Science Review
80
Science
9th Grade
10/04/2013

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Term
Law
Definition
a descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events
Term
Science
Definition
the knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions
Term
technology
Definition
the applicationof science for practical purposes
Term
Theory
Definition
a system of idea that explains many observations
Term
Critical thinking
Definition
the ability and willingness to assess claims critically
Term
Length
Definition
straight-line distance between two points.
Term
mass
Definition
measure of the amount of matter in an object
Term
scientific method
Definition
a series of steps followed to solve problems, including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions
Term
variable
Definition
a factor that changes
Term
volume
Definition
measure of the size of a body in 3-D space
Term
Weight
Definition
measure of gravity exerted on an object
Term
accuracy
Definition
how close you get to make a basketball swish
Term
precision
Definition
how often to make a basket in basketball
Term
scientific notation
Definition
a method of expressing a quantity as a number time 10
Term
scientific figure
Definition
a prescribed decimal place that determine
Term
atom
Definition
the smallest unti of an element
Term
compound
Definition
substance made up of atomm of two or more elements
Term
element
Definition
substance that cannot be broken down.
Term
matter
Definition
anything that has mass and takes up space
Term
mixture
Definition
combination of two or moe substances
Term
molecule
Definition
the smallest molecule of a substance that has all the chemical properties; made of two or more atoms joined together
Term
pure substance
Definition
a sample of matter with definite chemical and physica properties.
Term
heterogeneous
Definition
mixture that will not stay mixed.
Term
homogeneous
Definition
mixture that is spread evenly together.
Term
boiling point
Definition
temperature where a liquid become a gas.
Term
density
Definition
the ratio of mass to volum of a substance.
Term
melting point
Definition
temperature where a solid become a liquid.
Term
reactivity
Definition
capacity of a substance to combine chemically withanother substance.
Term
physical property
Definition
characteristic that can be seen without changing substance.
Term
chemical property
Definition
character that can be seen that changes substance.
Term
flammability
Definition
ability to burn.
Term
chemical change
Definition
when one substance changes into a new substance.
Term
physical change
Definition
when one substance changes and DOES NOT change into new substance.
Term
energy
Definition
the capacity to do work
Term
fluid
Definition
a nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other as in a gas or liquid.
Term
plasma
Definition
stat or matter that is made of free moving ions.
Term
temperature
Definition
a measure of how hot something is, the average kinetic energy.
Term
thermal energy
Definition
total kinetic energy of a substance's atoms
Term
evaporation
Definition
change from liquid to gas
Term
sublimation
Definition
change from a solid to gas
Term
condensation
Definition
change from a gas to liquid
Term
pressure
Definition
amount of force exerted per unit of area.
Term
kinetic energy
Definition
energy of motion
Term
pascal
Definition
SI unit or pressure
Term
viscosity
Definition
resistance of a gas or liquid to flow
Term
electron
Definition
subatomic particle that has a negative charge.
Term
nucleus
Definition
the center of an atom
Term
proton
Definition
subatomic particle that has a positive charge in the nucles
Term
atomic number
Definition
the number of protons and electrons in a given element
Term
isotope
Definition
atom with same # of protons but different neutrons--often radioactive
Term
mass number
Definition
total number of protons and neutrons in a given element.
Term
mole
Definition
SI base unit for measuring the amount of a substance
Term
neutron
Definition
subatomic particle that has no charge in nucleus
Term
orbital
Definition
region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons
Term
valence electron
Definition
electron that is found in outermost shell of a atom
Term
periodic law
Definition
law that states that the repeating chemical amd physical properties of elements changes periodically.
Term
group
Definition
vertical column in the periodic table
Term
period
Definition
horizontal row in the periodic table
Term
ion
Definition
an atom that has gained or lost electrons and has a charge
Term
metal
Definition
element that is shiny and conduct heat and electricity well
Term
nonmetal
Definition
element that does not conduct well and doesnt form positive ions.
Term
semiconductors
Definition
an elements or compound that conducts better than an insulator but not an conductor
Term
chemical bond
Definition
the attractive force that hold atoms and ions together
Term
chemical structure
Definition
arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Term
ionic bond
Definition
attractive force between oppositely charged ions.
Term
covalent bond
Definition
bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Term
polyatomic ion
Definition
an ion made of two or more atoms
Term
cation
Definition
a positively charged ion
Term
anion
Definition
a negatively charged ion
Term
chemical energy
Definition
energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds
Term
reactant
Definition
substance that participates in a chemical reaction
Term
product
Definition
substance that forms in a chemical reaction
Term
endothermic reaction
Definition
reaction where heat is stored.
Term
exothermic reaction
Definition
reaction where heat is released
Term
chemical equation
Definition
a resresentation of a chemical reacton that uses symbols to show the relationship between reactants and products
Term
combustion reaction
Definition
the oxidation reaction of an inorganic compound
Term
decomposition reaction
Definition
a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances.
Term
double-replacement reaction
Definition
a reaction in which a gas, a solid precipate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds.
Term
free radical
Definition
an atom or group of atoms that has one unpaired electron
Term
single displac
Definition
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