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Physical Science Chapter 19
Flash cards for Chapter 19 Science Test in Mrs. Jackson's Freshman Physical Science class
34
Science
9th Grade
05/08/2011

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Cards

Term
Sound
Definition
mechanical waves that can often be detected by our ears
Term
Waves
Definition
rhythmic disturbances that transfer energy through space or matter
Term
Compression
Definition
a region where air molecules are pushed closer together than normal by the energy of a sound wave
Term
Rarefraction
Definition
a region where the air molecules are spread apart by the energy of a sound wave
Term
Pitch
Definition
how high or low a tone sounds to an observer
Term
Frequency
Definition
the number of waves that pass a given point in one second
Term
Infrasonic Waves
Definition
sound waves that are too low in frequency for the human ear to hear
Term
Ultrasonic Waves
Definition
sound waves that are too high in frequency for the human ear to hear
Term
Loudness
Definition
related to intensity; how strong or weak a sound is to an observer
Term
Decibel(db)
Definition
the smallest difference in intensity between two sounds that the human ear is capable of detecting
Term
Threshold of hearing
Definition
the very softest sound level that can be detected by an observer
Term
Amplitude
Definition
the distance that a wave rises or falls from its normal rest position
Term
Acoustics
Definition
the effect of materials and their shapes on sound
Term
Resonance
Definition
the transfer of energy from one object to another object with the same neutral frequency
Term
Beat
Definition
the destructive interference of two sound waves with slightly different frequencies and similar amplitudes
Term
Doppler Effect
Definition
the effect of motion on sound; named in honor of the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler
Term
Sonar
Definition
a type of listening device that uses sound waves to locate objects; sound navigation and ranging
Term
Echolocation
Definition
using ultrasonic waves to locate something by the waves that are reflected off the object
Term
Threshold of Pain
Definition
the point at which sound becomes painfully loud; about 120 decibels
Term
Frequency and Pitch
Definition
What two characteristics of sound are related to one another?
Term
Hertz
Definition
What is Frequency measured in?
Term
Decibels
Definition
What is loudness measured in?
Term
Solids
Definition
In what type of matter does sound travel through the fastest?
Term
Air
Definition
In what type of matter does sound move the slowest through?
Term
Constructive & Destructive
Definition
What are 2 types of interference?
Term
Constructive Interference
Definition
both waves are on the same side and make the wave bigger
Term
Destructive Interference
Definition
one wave is on each side, when they meet, they either cancel each other out or the smaller wave makes the bigger one smaller
Term
Brass, String, Woodwind, & Percussion
Definition
What are the 4 types of Instruments?
Term
their lips
Definition
What do brass musicians use to change the notes?
Term
an air column
Definition
What do woodwind musicians use to change the notes?
Term
3 types of woodwind instruments
Definition
saxaphone, flute, and clairinet
Term
3 types of brass instruments
Definition
trupet, bugle, trombone
Term
3 types of string instruments
Definition
violin, harp, cello
Term
3 types of percussion instruments
Definition
piano, drum, xylophone
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