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| What are the two types of waves? |
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1 - A wave ripples in all directions
2 - Energy moves through water in the form of a wave |
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| A disturbance that travels through space or matter in a regular pattern through space. |
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| A back and forth motion that repeats itself. |
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| In what material does the best transmission of sound occur? |
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| Solids because the particles are so close together. |
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| Matter vibrates up and down, angles to the direction at which the wave travels. |
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| No up and down motion, the disturbance that starts this wave is a movement that pushes parts of the spring closer together and then returns to the original position. |
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Molecules close together
Increase Density
Increase Pressure |
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Molecules spread out
Decrease Density
Decrease Pressure |
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| Maximum extent of displacement from equilibrium. |
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| Gasses and liquids support ONLY... |
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| both transverse and compressional waves. |
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| The attraction that magnets have for magnetic material and the attraction and repulsion between poles. |
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| True or False...Magnetic force is invisible. |
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| True -- Magnetic force is invisible. |
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| Atoms in magnetic materials line up so that their magnetic fields combine, the materials become a magnet. |
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| True or False...Geographic north and south are the same as Magnetic north and south. |
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| False -- Geographic north and south are not the same as Magnetic north and south. |
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| Does the compass point to magnetic north or geographic north? |
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| A coil of wire that creates a measurable current. |
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| Coil of water around an iron core. |
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| Current produced when wire is moved at right angles in a magnetic field. |
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| A machine that turns mechanical energy into electrical energy. The rotation of a coiled wire. |
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Only form of radiant energy we can see.
Make up only as small part of the spectrum. |
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| energy transferred by electromagnetic waves. |
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Make up electric and magnetic fields.
Can travel through anything.
Transverse wave. |
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| Different forms of electromagnetic waves. |
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| Are frequency and wavelength the same throughout the electromagnetic spectrum? |
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| No -- they change as the wavelengths change. |
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Invisible heat waves.
Sun gives of infrared waves. |
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Invisible.
Dangerous rays from the sun. |
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Very Damaging.
Used in the medical field.
Can pass through most substances.
Higher frequencies.
Lower wavelengths. |
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Objects that reflect light.
Only can be seen when the light.
Most things we see are illuminated objects.
Example -- the moon. |
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| Material that allows light to pass through. Examples -- air and glass. |
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| Material that allows only some light to pass through. Example -- wax paper. |
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| Material that does not allow light to pass through. Example -- wood. |
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| Distance light travels in one year. |
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| Bouncing back of light rays from a surface. |
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| Light ray that strikes the surface. |
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| The spreading out of waves past the edge of a barrier. |
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| Waves caused by a disturbance. |
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| In some places, a crest cancels a trough; in others a crest reinforces another. |
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| The transfer of forced energy by contact. |
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| When two crests meet. Increased amplitude and greater sound. |
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| When the crest of one wave meets the trough of another -- they cancel one another out. |
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| A crest can cancel a trough or add to a crest. |
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| Waves carry ___________ from one place to another. |
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Definition
| Waves carry ENERGY from one place to another. |
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| Waves produced by throwing a rock in a pond are called ___________ waves. |
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| Transverse Waves --- radio waves. |
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| highest point of the wave |
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| True or False...The different height between the trough and the crest of the wave is called the wave's amplitude. |
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| Difference between the crests. |
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| A longitudinal wave can also be called a ____________ wave. |
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| A __________ wave resembles a transverse wave but occurs in mediums that are fixed at both ends. |
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| Standing waves -- Ex.)Guitar, Drums |
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| Waves created by earthquakes |
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| What kind of waves travel through electrical fields. |
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| All waves are subject to four different types of phenomenon: |
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1.)Reflection
2.)Diffraction
3.)Refraction
4.)Interference |
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| True of False...All of a wave's energy is reflected as it strikes an object. |
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| True or False...Sound waves travel faster in air than in water. |
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| Change in the direction of a wave due to the change in speed of the wave. |
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| What does the amount of refraction depend on? |
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| The properties of the wave. |
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| Waves ________as they pass by the edges of objects in their path. |
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| The bending of waves around small obstacles and the spreading out of waves past small openings. |
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| If the crest of two waves at the same frequency pass a given point at the same time. |
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| If the crest of one wave at the same frequency reaches the same point as the trough of another wave. |
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| True of False...An object's natural frequencies depend on its weight and mass. |
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| The ___________ of a sound wave depends on how much matter carrying the wave is compressed by each vibration. |
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| True or False...The frequency of a sound wave is the same as the frequency of the vibration that produces the sound. |
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| The pitch of a train whistle appears to ________ as it approaches and ____________ as it travels away from an observer. |
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| How much distance a wave travels in a certain amount of time. |
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| All sounds are produced by ___________. |
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| A field study that analyzes the behavior of waves. |
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| Multiple reflections of sound waves. |
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| What absorbs sound energy? |
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| Measurement of the intensity of sound. |
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1.) Outer
2.) Middle
3.) Inner |
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| Sound travels through the ear canal to a thin, tight membrane called _________. |
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| Small fibers that are stimulated by the motion of fluid within the inner ear. |
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| True or False...The greater amount of energy created by a wave, the smaller its amplitude. |
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| Does speed of wave depend on temperature? |
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| Yes...warmer --> faster and cooler --> slower. |
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| Sound wave that reflects from a surface |
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| SONAR: Sound Navigation and Ranging. Sonar has been used to map the ocean floor, find fish, sunken ships, etc. |
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| A loud sound produced from an objects traveling at the speed of sound. Compression waves at the front of the object are pushed together. |
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| The effects caused by electric charges at rest. |
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| An object becomes charged and three ways. |
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Definition
1.)Friction
2.)Contact
3.)Induction |
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| Transfer of electrons from one object to the next. |
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| with another charged body. |
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| The charge is produced by redistribution of charges in a material. |
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| True of False...Electrical charges cannot be created, only transferred. |
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| Substances that allow electrons to flow... |
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| Substances in which electrons do not flow freely... |
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| glass, hard rubber, dry air |
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| Both insulates and conducts -- silicone and germanium |
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| The __________ of an electric charge is identified with the number of electrons that have been transferred. |
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| Describes the relationship between charge, distance, and magnitude of the electrical force between two bodies. |
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| The space around an electric charge is considered to be changed by the presence of the charge. |
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| A flow of charge, moving charges produce current electricity, the charges flow along a path called a circuit |
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| Flow in only one direction |
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| Reverse direction constantly |
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| When electricity has only one path to follow. |
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| When electricity has more than one path to follow. |
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| Meausure of the number of charges that flow past a point in one second. |
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| The number of electrons that can flow in a conductor depends on.... |
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| Greater # electrons that can flow. |
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| The opposition of charges to flow. |
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| The change in direction of a light ray as it passes from one medium to another. |
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| A measure of the refraction of light in a medium as the light enters from air or a vacuum. |
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| The separation of white light into colors. |
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| The process of producing a color by absorbing other colors of light. |
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| The process of producing colors by absorbing colors of light. |
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| Light travels to the earth from the sun in the form of ____________. |
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| What are the eight types of waves found in the electromagnetic spectrum. |
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Definition
1.) Gamma Rays
2.) X-Rays
3.) Ultraviolet Rays
4.) Visible Light
5.) Radio Rays
6.) Infrared Rays
7.) Microwaves
8.) Cosmic Rays |
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| True or False...Microwaves are like radio waves but have a shorter wavelength. |
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| How is visible light produced? |
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Definition
| Visible light is produced by electrons moving between energy levels. Atoms must get excited or calmed down. |
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Definition
| Light is produced by thermal energy exciting electrons. |
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| Contains mercury vapor that emit ultraviolet radiation when excited by an electric current. |
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| True or False...Most objects produce their own light as they are unable to reflect light from sources such as the sun. |
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| Mirrors that curve inward. |
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Definition
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| True or False...Most objects produce their own light as they are unable to reflect light from sources such as the sun. |
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| Mirrors that curve inward. |
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| Mirrors that curve inward. |
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| Mirrors that curve outward. |
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| What is an example of a concave mirror. |
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| Give an example of a convex mirror. |
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| What are the two types of lenses. |
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| The angle representing the direction of motion of incoming light approaching a boundary. |
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| Limit to the angle of incidence when all light rays are reflected internally. |
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| True or False...The distance between a lens and it's focal point it is focal length and is determined by how much the lens in curved. |
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| Unable to see distant objects. |
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| Unable to see close up objects. |
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| The bending of light waves that occurs when light travels through a small opening or slit. |
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| True or False...Different wave lengths of light diffract at different rates. |
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Definition
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| Where are polarizes commonly used. |
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| Light by Amplification of Stimulated Emitions of Radiation. |
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| Electricity is formed by the movement of _________. |
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Definition
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| Three major particles of an atom. |
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| Electrons, Protons, Neutrons |
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| Both positive and negative charged atoms are called... |
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| The electrical charge an object develops as a result of having unequal number of protons and electrons. |
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| The measurement of the amount of electrical charge. |
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| material that allows electrons to flow easily through |
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| True or False...Water is a good conductor of electricity. |
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Definition
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| Objects that do not allow electricity to flow easily. |
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| Difference between potential energy in the negative terminal and positive terminal. |
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| Measurement of electrical potential differences. |
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| What are the two basic types of circuits? |
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| The flow of electricity is measured in... |
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| Simplest means of controlling the flow of current through a circuit. |
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| Rate at which work is done and energy is used. |
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| Measure the power required to operate a device. |
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