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Physical Geology Lecture 8
lecture 8
12
Geology
Undergraduate 2
09/19/2010

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Term
volcanic
Definition
igneous rock formed by cooling and crystallization of magma at the earth's surface
Term
plutonic
Definition
igneous rock formed by cooling and crystallization of magma at great depth beneath the earth's surface
Term
classification of the igneous rocks
Definition
based on chemical and mineral composition, grain size
Term
grain size
Definition
controlled by rate of cooling of the magma, and viscosity of the magma
Term
glassy
Definition
cooling is too rapid for ions to group into crystals
Term
obsidian
Definition
glass of felsic composition
Term

aphanitic

Definition
fine grained
Term
phaneritic
Definition
coarse grained
Term
pegmatitic
Definition
extremely coarse grained
Term
porphyritic rock
Definition
an igneous rock in which large crystals are enclosed in a matrix of much finer grained minerals
Term
ferromagnesian minerals
Definition
biotite, amphibole, pyroxene, olivine
Term
distribution of igneous rocks in the earth's crust
Definition
-rock formed from magma of granitic composition is confined to the continental crust
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