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Physical Geology Lecture 4
lecture 4
13
Geology
Undergraduate 2
09/19/2010

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Term
element
Definition
a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical methods
Term
statistics of elements
Definition

106 known

- 88 discovered and occur naturally

-18 have been synthesized (manmade)

Term
mineral
Definition
a naturally occurring, inorganic crystalline solid that has a definite chemical compostion and possess characteristic physical properties
Term
crystalline
Definition
crystals are made of ion and/or atoms arranged in a regular basis
Term
composition of mineral
Definition
either constant or variable within a definite range
Term
native elements
Definition
carbon, sulfur, gold, platinum, and copper
Term
igneous rocks
Definition
almost completely formed from silicate minerals
Term
sedimentary rocks
Definition

formed from a much wider variety of mineral groups

 

(limestone, and mudstone)

Term
crystal
Definition
a homogenous solid with an orderly internal atomicarrangement
Term
augite
Definition
the most common pyroxene
Term
hornblende
Definition
the most common amphibole
Term
physical properties of minerals
Definition
color, hardness, cleavage, crystal form, streak luster, fracture specific gravity
Term
hardness
Definition

the resistance of a mineral to being scratched 

-related to the strength of bonds holding the individual atoms together

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