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Identify the dynamic sphere that is kept in almost constant motion by solar energy and Earth's rotation. |
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Your text argues that the discipline of geography is governed by what? |
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The outer planets are most likely composed of what? |
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The altitudinal distance (relief) between the tallest mountain and the deepest ocean trench on Earth is about how many meters? |
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Select the most correct statement. |
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Definition
Earth's grid system is referred to as a graticule and consists of lines of latitude and longitude. |
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Which of the following circles has a center that does not coincide with Earth's center? |
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At which point would you move the greatest distance in the least amount of time? |
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The solid, inorganic portion of the Earth's system is known as what? |
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Definition
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The farthest south the vertical rays of the Sun ever reach south of the equator occurs around when? |
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Definition
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Earth's change of seasons is primarily the result of what? |
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Definition
tilt of Earth's axis and its constant tilt direction |
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The constancy of Earth's rotation in the same direction causes what effects? |
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Definition
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The aphelion is a point in Earth's orbit where what occurs? |
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Earth is farthest from the Sun. |
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The Earth's axis of rotation is inclined ________ from being perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic. |
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Definition
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Where is night and day equal everywhere? |
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Definition
either equinox in either hemisphere |
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Select the most correct statement. |
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Definition
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Only one half of Earth can receive sunlight at any one time. Where is the area during the June solstice? |
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Definition
includes the area lying equatorward of the Antarctic Circle |
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Select the correct characteristic during an equinox. |
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Definition
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On June 21 the perpendicular rays of the Sun are striking ______ at noon. |
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Pilots often fly along the arc of a _________ because it is the shortest distance between two points on Earth. |
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Definition
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If you lived in Chicago, Illinois, your clock will read ________ than someone living in Greenwich, England. |
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T/F Geography is concerned with the environment as it provides a home for humankind, and with the way humans utilize that environmental home. |
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T/F Earth's highest point is more than 36,000 feet above sea level, while the deepest spot in the oceans is almost 29,000 feet. |
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T/F A house in Chile would include wilndows facing north in order to have Sun all year around. |
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T/F Properly described as an oblate spheroid, Earth is a true sphere. |
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T/F The way we locate ourselves on Earth through a network of intersecting lines is referred to as a grid system. |
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T/F Latitude is distance measured east and west of the poles. |
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T/F Longitude is a distance measured east and west on Earth's surface in the same degrees, minutes, and seconds as latitude is. |
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T/F A meridian is a great semicircle that extends from one pole to the other, crossing all parallels of latitude perpendicularly and being aligned in a true north–south direction. |
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T/F Longitude is measured both east and west of the prime meridian to a maximum of 90º in each direction. |
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T/F Both day length and the angle at which the Sun's rays strike Earth are principal determinants of the amount of insolation received at any particular latitude. |
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Definition
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The highest amount of total annual insolation is received |
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Definition
over subtropical deserts. |
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The 24 time zones are centered on meridians spaced |
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Definition
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Which latitude experiences perpendicular rays of the Sun twice during the year? |
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Definition
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The Earth is closest to the Sun on |
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Definition
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The Earth's sphere of living things is the |
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Definition
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Which of the following are true about lines of latitude? |
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Definition
They have all the above characteristics. |
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T/F The length of one degree of longitude is nearly the same from the equator to the poles. |
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Definition
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The Earth's axis of rotation is inclined _______ from being perdendicular to its orbital plane. |
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T/F The arc of a great circle is the shortest distance between two points. |
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T/F The circle of illumination always bisects (cuts in half) the equator. |
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T/F If the Earth's axis of rotation were perpendicular to the plane of its orbit, every place on Earth would experience equal day length. |
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Perhelion occurs on ____ while aphelion occurs on _____. |
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Select the most correct statement regarding the stratosphere. |
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it is warmer at the top than the bottom |
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Pressure at a point in the atmosphere reflects |
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Definition
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Most of what we call weather occurs in the |
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Definition
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The basic distribution of heat (and therefore of temperature) over the Earth is primarily a function of |
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Definition
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Atmospheric particles (such as dust and ash) |
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Definition
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Of the following gases, which is classified as a variable-amount gas? |
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Definition
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What part of the atmosphere shields Earth's surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation? |
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Definition
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The aurora borealis and aurora australis are caused by an interaction between charged particles and Earth's magnetic field. What layer of Earth's atmosphere contains these particles? |
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Definition
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A molecule of ozone gas consists of |
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Definition
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What is the atmosphere zone called that is characterized by gases not well mixed, which are layered in accordance with their molecular masses? |
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Definition
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The layers of the atmosphere are defined by |
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Definition
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Definition
decreases at a decreasing rate through the atmosphere. |
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A deep layer of electrically charged molecules and atoms that reflects radio waves is |
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Definition
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In terms of the controls of weather and climate, latitude |
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Definition
primarily affects temperature. |
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Definition
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Water vapor is considered a variable gas because |
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Definition
the amount of water vapor varies with location. |
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Particulates that readily absorb water are described as being |
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Definition
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The warm zone of the stratosphere is found near the ___________ of the ozone layer. |
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Definition
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Which of the following is/are considered a "thermal layer"? |
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Definition
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Which of the following layers corresponds to the heterosphere? |
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Definition
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T/F Nitrogen, argon, and oxygen constitute over 98% of the gases in the atmosphere near Earth's surface. |
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Definition
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T/F The thermosphere contains the ozone layer. |
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Definition
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T/F Air density is greatest in the troposphere. |
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Definition
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T/F The mesosphere shields Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. |
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Definition
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T/F Temperatures generally decrease with height in the troposphere, whereas temperatures increase with height in the stratosphere. |
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Definition
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T/F Trace gases help to warm the troposphere. |
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Definition
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T/F When the CO2 concentration decreased in the evolution of Earth's atmosphere, the ozone layer was formed. |
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Definition
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T/F Temperatures in the thermosphere are not comparable to those in the troposphere because of higher density in the troposphere. |
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Definition
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T/F The process of photosynthesis removes CO2 from the atmosphere, while the process of respiration adds CO2 to the atmosphere. |
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Definition
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T/F Climate is a description of aggregate weather conditions that helps describe a place or region. |
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Definition
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The most prevalent gas in the atmosphere is |
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Definition
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Which of the following are sources of atmospheric particulates? |
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Definition
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____ ocean currents tend to be found on ____ coast of continents while _____ are found on the ______ coast |
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Definition
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Generally speaking, the the midlatitudes are characterized by flows of air from the ______. |
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Definition
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____ lies at the bottom of the heterosphere (nearest the Earth). |
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Definition
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Air pressure decreases with increasing elevation because _____. |
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Definition
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The troposphere is so named because______ |
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Definition
it is a zone of vertical mixing and turbulence. |
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T/F The ozonosphere is known for its auroral displays. |
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Definition
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T/F Particulates reflect but do not absorb sunlight. |
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Definition
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T/F Ozone is only found in the stratosphere. |
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Definition
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T/F The tropopause lies at a higher elevation during the winter. |
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Definition
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______ slopes of mountains tend to be moist while _____ slopes tend to be dry. |
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Definition
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Both the Earth and Sun emit radiation, but they do so at largely different wavelengths. Why? |
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Definition
The Sun is hotter than Earth. |
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Term
A temperature inversion is a situation where |
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Definition
temperature increases with increasing altitude. |
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Term
Compared to a land surface subject to the same heating, an ocean surface should |
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Definition
have a seasonal temperature cycle lagging behind the land's seasonal temperature cycle. |
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Term
Condensation ____ latent heat, which acts to ____ the air. |
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Definition
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Term
If the temperature is 12°C, what is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit? |
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Definition
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Term
If your eyes were to mutate and become sensitive to slightly shorter wavelengths than they are now, what portion of the spectrum would become visible? |
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Definition
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Term
In North America, one might expect to find the greatest annual temperature range |
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Definition
in eastern Alaska and northwest Canada. |
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Term
Objects that emit the most longwave radiation show up in infrared photographs as brighter than other objects. In an infrared image of this area, the brightest feature would be the _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
The daily range of temperature is generally larger when |
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Definition
the day is cloudless and the night is cloudless |
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Term
The Earth–atmosphere system |
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Definition
emits the same amount of energy as it absorbs from the Sun. |
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Term
The higher the albedo, the _____ a surface ______. |
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Definition
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The largest annual amount of insolation is received |
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Definition
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Term
The largest portion of solar energy entering the atmosphere |
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Definition
is absorbed by the surface. |
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Term
The transfer of heat from one point to another by a moving substance is called |
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Definition
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Term
The vegetated surface with the highest albedo is: _________________. |
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Definition
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Term
This space shuttle photo shows an area in southcentral New Mexico. White Sands and the Carrizozo Lava Flow are (essentially) barren of vegetation. The Sierra Blanca is a mountain region covered by evergreen forests and mountain meadows, evident in this photo because they are covered with snow. The surrounding desert has a thin cover of grasses, shrubs, and other plants. What is the permanent ground feature with the highest albedo? |
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Definition
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Term
Which incidence angle produces the highest intensity of radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following latitudes experiences a radiation surplus on an annual basis? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following places is likely to have a larger daily temperature range? |
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Definition
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Term
NOrthern components of Norhtern Hemisphere gyres carry warm water ___ and ___. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Absorption refers to the reflectivity of a surface. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The orange and red colors evident in this space shuttle photograph of Earth's climb at sunrise are best associated with scattering. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Examine this sounding plot from Omaha, Nebraska, which shows data collected at 1200 UTC on June 28, 1998. The local time that data was collected was at 6 p.m. |
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Definition
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T/F This upper air sounding is plotted on a Skew-T diagram. Lines of constant temperature are colored in blue and are oriented diagonally from left to right. The white line on the right is the variation of temperature with height while the white line on the left shows how the amount of moisture in the atmosphere varies with height. Study how temperature varies with height. The temperature profile illustrates advectional inversion near the surface. (Hint: Look at this map of 850 mb temperatures. At Omaha during this time there was a strong wind blowing from the southwest).[Source] |
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Definition
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T/F Compared to a land surface subject to the same heating, an ocean surface should have a seasonal temperature cycle lagging behind the land's seasonal temperature cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The transfer of heat from one point to another by a moving substance is called subduction. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F 20º north latitude experiences a radiation surplus on an annual basis. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F A temperature inversion is where temperature increases with increasing altitude. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The Pacific coast of North America is where you would expect to find the greatest annual temperature range. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The Earth–atmosphere system emits the same amount of energy as it absorbs from the Sun. |
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Definition
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The smallest temperature range should be ____ of a midlatitude continent. |
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Definition
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Isotherms are ___ tightly packed in winter indicating a ____ temperature gradient. |
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Definition
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Cool maritime air blowing into a coastal location can produce ____. |
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Definition
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High pressure conditions are most associated with ____ . |
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Definition
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Term
If the temperature at the surface is 65°F, under normal environmental lapse rate conditions the temperature at 2000 feet above the surface should be |
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Definition
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Term
The capacity to do work is ____. |
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Definition
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Term
If the temperature of the Sun were to suddenly decrease, its maximum wavelength of emission would likely |
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Definition
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T/F The wavelength of radiation changes when it reflects off a surface. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Convection comes about by molecular collisions. |
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Definition
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T/F The specific heat of water is higher than land. |
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Definition
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T/F Air temperature always decreases with increasing height above the surface in the troposphere. |
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Definition
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Term
horizontal movement of heat |
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Definition
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Term
heat transfer by circulation |
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Definition
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Term
energy stored during evaporation |
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Definition
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Term
amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a gram of substance 1°C. |
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Definition
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heat transfer by molecular collisions |
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Definition
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Definition
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____ ocean currents tend to be found of the east coast of continents while ____ocean currents are found on the west coast. |
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Definition
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Definition
are caused by cold air drainage off of ice sheets and other cold areas. |
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Term
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Definition
line connecting points of equal pressure. |
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Term
The pressure gradient force acts in a direction |
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Definition
at right angles (perpendicular) to isobars. |
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Term
The strength of the Coriolis force |
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Definition
increases with increasing wind speed. |
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Term
The pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force combine to produce |
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Definition
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Term
Near the surface, the wind would most closely parallel to the isobars over |
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Definition
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Term
If the density of a gas remains constant and its temperature is lowered, the pressure of the gas will |
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Definition
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Term
Surface winds in a cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere flow |
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Definition
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Term
In the United States, wind speeds tend to be greatest |
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Definition
during the winter in the Great Plains. |
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Term
Trade winds flow from the |
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Definition
subtropical high to the equatorial low. |
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Term
The direction of the polar jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere is mostly from the |
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Definition
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Term
During the summer of the Indian monsoon, one expects |
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Definition
low pressure at the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
is confined to the tropics and subtropics. |
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Term
We measure air pressure using a(n) ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following does not apply to air flow in a high pressure cell located in the Northern Hemisphere? |
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Definition
rising air near the center |
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Term
Which of the global wind belts dominates between the Earth system between 65 degrees north and 80 degrees north? |
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Definition
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Term
The effect of surface friction on wind is to |
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Definition
alter the air's direction and speed |
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Term
The force that creates wind is |
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Definition
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Term
If the Earth did not rotate |
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Definition
there would be no Corliolis force. |
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Term
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Definition
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T/F The denser the gas, the greater the pressure it exerts. |
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Definition
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T/F Gravitational force is directly proportional to space. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F In the lower atmosphere, gas molecules are far apart with few molecular collisions. |
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Definition
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T/F The gas law explains the relationship between pressure and gas. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Pressure gradient indicates the horizontal rate of pressure change. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Low-pressure centers are called cyclones. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Regardless of the initial direction of motion, any freely moving object appears to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The Coriolis effect is proportional to the speed of the object. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F In the friction layer of the Northern Hemisphere, a converging counterclockwise flow exists. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Trade winds, usually heavily laden with moisture, do not produce clouds and rain unless forced to rise. |
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Definition
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Term
The general sequence of high and low pressure from the equator to the pole is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
Frequent and severe weather changes can be caused by ____ flow in the jet stream. |
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Definition
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Almost all the rising air in the tropics ascends ____. |
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Definition
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Term
The westerlies come from a more consistent direction ___. |
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Definition
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Term
Summer winds are from the ____ in the monsoon of West Africa |
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Definition
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Term
The ___ contains the polar front. |
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Definition
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Term
The most reliable winds (consisently from one direction) are the ____ . |
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Definition
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Term
T/F A high-pressure center is known as a cyclone, and the flow of air associated with it is descsribed as cyclonic. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F If volume is held constant and all other conditions remain the same, an increase in the temperature of a gas produces an increase in pressure, and a decrease in temperature produces a decrease in pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The Coriolis effect influences speed only and has no influence on direction of movement. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Insolation is the ultimate cause of wind. |
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Definition
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Term
Air flows in a _______ into the center of an area of low pressure in the Northern Hemisphere while flowing in a _______ into the center of a cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere. |
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Definition
counterclockwise; clockwise |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Southern Hemisphere low pressure |
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Definition
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Term
Northern Hemisphere low pressure |
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Definition
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Term
Southern Hemisphere high pressure |
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Definition
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Term
Northern Hemisphere high pressure |
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Definition
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Term
The ratio of the actual amount of water in the atmosphere to the maximum possible at that temperature is the |
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Definition
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Term
When water changes phase, what always happens? |
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Definition
latent heat heat is consumed or released |
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Term
Which of the following statements is true? |
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Definition
Evaporation absorbs heat and thus cools the atmosphere. |
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Term
The saturated adiabatic lapse rate is less than the adiabatic lapse rate because |
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Definition
condensation releases latent heat. |
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Term
Identify this cloud type. |
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Definition
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Term
Unstable air is best associated with |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is true of the collision–coalscence process? |
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Definition
water droplets merge and grow in size |
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Term
An air parcel experiences a buoyant force when its |
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Definition
temperature is greater than the surrounding air. |
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Term
Low precipitation amounts are typical of |
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Definition
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Term
Why might condensation occur below 100% relative humidity? |
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Definition
hygroscopic nuclei present |
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Term
If water droplets and ice crystals are both present in the same cloud, |
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Definition
the ice crystals will grow while the drops shrink. |
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Term
When raindrops fall through a shallow layer of subfreezing air near the surface, what type of precipitation occurs? |
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Definition
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Term
If the amount of water vapor in the air stays the same and the air temperature decreases, the relative humidity will |
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Definition
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Term
Which place is likely to experience the highest frequency of advection fog? |
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Definition
San Francisco, California |
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Term
Which of the following is not a form of precipitation? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following requires the most heat energy? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is likely to suppress the development of precipitation? |
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Definition
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Term
The rain shadow of a mountain is found on the |
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Definition
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Term
As the amount of water vapor in the air increases the dew point temperature |
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Definition
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Term
The highest relative humidity during the day usually occurs |
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Definition
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Term
Although the subarctic and tundra climates generally have small precipitation totals, they are considered humid climates. Why? |
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Definition
Low temperatures mean only a small loss to evaporation. |
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Term
Deserts like the Gobi (central Asia) and Great Basin (Utah) are produced by |
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Definition
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Term
In tropical wet climate (Af) zones, |
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Definition
daily temperature ranges usually exceed the annual temperature range. |
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Term
The marine west coast climate (Cfc, Cfb) |
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Definition
has no pronounced dry season. |
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Term
In which of these climates is rainfall scarce, unreliable, and intense? |
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Definition
subtropical desert climate (BWh) |
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Term
The Köppen system of climate classification is based on _____ data. |
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Definition
temperature and precipitation |
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Term
Of the main Köppen climatic zones, _____ is the only one which does not occur in the Southern Hemisphere. |
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Definition
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Term
The main reason for the occurrence of subtropical deserts around the world is |
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Definition
locations of subtropical high-pressure systems. |
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Term
In Australia, the maximum precipitation in the Csa climate type occurs in the month of |
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Definition
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Term
With coastal climates, isotherms tend to |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following climate types does not have a summer that is wetter than winter? |
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Definition
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Term
Winter precipitation in the Mediterranean climate is largely a result of |
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Definition
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Term
In tropical humid climates, precipitation is largely a result of |
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Definition
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Term
The "tree line" closely corresponds to the equatorward boundary of the |
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Definition
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Term
The Köppen system of climate classification is based on |
|
Definition
temperature and precipitation. |
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Term
Which of the following has the least total annual precipitation? |
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Definition
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Term
In which of the following climates does the daily temperature range exceed the annual temperature range? |
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Definition
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Term
The dry season of the tropical savanna is due to the influence of |
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Definition
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Term
The steppe climate is a transitional climate between deserts and |
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Definition
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Term
The Cs-type climates are located |
|
Definition
on the west side of continents. |
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Term
T/F A climograph is a simple graphic representation of monthly temperature and precipitation for a specific weather station. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Daily temperature variations are NOT similar to annual ones. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The largest areas of Af climate occur in the upper Amazon basin of South America, the Congo basin, and the East Indies. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The tropical monsoonal climate (Am) is NOT most extensive on the west-facing coasts of China. (China only has eastern coasts) |
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Definition
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T/F During the low-Sun season, Am climates are dominated by offshore winds. |
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T/F The Aw climate is the most extensive of the A climates and is known as tropical savanna climate. |
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Definition
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T/F Most desert areas do not lack precipitable moisture; rather, they lack mechanisms for the upward air motion necessary for cloud formation and precipitation. |
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Definition
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T/F Marine west coast climates are among the wettest of the midlatitudes. |
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Definition
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T/F D climates are known for their continentality. |
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Definition
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T/F Humid continental climates are NOT known for their high rainfalls. |
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Definition
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Term
The Mohorovicic discontinuity refers to what? |
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Definition
the change in rock composition and density bewteen the crust and the mantle |
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Term
The inner core of the Earth is believed to be what? |
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Definition
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Term
Extrusive (volcanic) igneous rocks have smaller mineral crystals than intrusive (plutonic) igneous rocks because |
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Definition
extrusive rocks cool faster. |
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Term
The most common extrusive (volcanic) igneous rock is what? |
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Definition
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Term
Marble is related to limestone in the same way |
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Definition
slate is related to shale. |
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Term
Which of the following lists is in the correct chronological sequence from oldest to youngest? |
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Definition
Pennsylvanian—Cretaceous—Eocene |
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Term
Which of the following landforms is an example of first-order relief? |
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Definition
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Which of the following is not an example of an internal process? |
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Definition
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All of the following are part of the Earth's cross section except what? |
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Definition
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Term
Metamorphic rocks are formed by what? |
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Definition
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Term
The Pleistocene is part of the _____ period. |
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Definition
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_______ are formed from skeletal remains of coral and other lime-secreting sea animals. |
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Definition
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Which of the following is not a property of minerals? |
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Definition
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Term
In terms of Earth history, single-celled life appeared |
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Definition
almost directly after the beginning. |
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Term
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Definition
the metamorphism of limestone. |
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Term
Quartz is a member of the |
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Definition
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Granite, gabbro, and diorite are all ____ rocks. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The present is the key to the past. |
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The majority of crustal rocks are composed of minerals that belong to the ___ family. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not a category in a descriptive approach to landform study? |
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Definition
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The crust is the Earth's outermost shell. |
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Definition
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T/F The uppermost mantle zone plus the crust are together called the asthenosphere. |
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Definition
FALSE - Uppermost mantle zone plus lower crust is the LITHOSPHERE |
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T/F The initial formation of the planet involved only igneous rocks. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Pressure and chemical cementation consolidates and transforms sediments to sedimentary rock. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Sedimentary rocks are classified by how they were formed: mechnical, chemical, or organic. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Metamorphic rock was significantly changed from its original rock in structure, texture, composition, and appearance. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The most common metamorphic rocks are schist and quartzite. |
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Definition
FALSE - Most common metaporphic rocks are schist and GNEISS |
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Term
T/F A landform is a collection of topographic features of a certain size. |
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Definition
FALSE - A landform is a collection of topographic features of WHATEVER size. |
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Term
T/F External processes are largely subaerial. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Plate tectonics refer to pieces of the lithosphere that are slowly moving over the asthenosphere. |
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Definition
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Term
The rock in this photo is _____. [Photo Source] |
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Definition
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Term
Intrusive igneous rocks are ______ grained while extrusive igneous rocks are ____ grained. |
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Definition
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Term
The banding characteristic of this metamorphic rock is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
The lithosphere is comprised of |
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Definition
the crust and upper mantle. |
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Term
In which of the following environments would you most expect metamorphic rocks to form? |
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Definition
area where mountain building (orogeny) is occurring |
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Term
Lithification is common to |
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Definition
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Term
The lava flow in this photo will cool to form _____, which is a(n) _______ igneous rock. [Photo Source] |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The asthensosphere is the most rigid portion of the Earth. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Plutonic rocks are metamorphic rocks. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Slate is metamorphosed into shale when exposed to heat and pressure. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Gneiss is a foliated igneous rock. |
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Definition
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Term
The outer core is thought to be ___ while the inner core is thought to be ___. |
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Definition
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Term
coarse grained intrusive igneous rock |
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Definition
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Term
nonfoliated metamorphic derived from sandstone |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Plate tectonic processes include all of the following, except what? |
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Definition
subduction of heavier (more dense) continental crust under lighter (less dense) oceanic crusts |
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Term
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Definition
a geologic structure in which rock strata dip outward from a common central linear area of uplift |
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Term
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Definition
a massive pluton that cools slowly |
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Term
Divergent plate boundaries are characteristic of what? |
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Definition
seafloor spreading centers |
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Term
The Himalayas and the Alps are the result of what? |
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Definition
continental plate/continental plate collision |
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Term
Volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands |
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Definition
results from magma intrusion through ocean crust that has been moving across the top of a hot-spot magma convection flow. |
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Term
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Definition
is the name for the former super continent thought to have broken apart into several crustal plates (representing the modern continents). |
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Definition
usually cools more rapidly than a batholith. |
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Term
In a strike-slip fault, the movement |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
refers to the deformation of Earth's crust by bending or breaking in response to great pressures exerted either from below or from within the crust. |
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Term
Horst and graben topography is associated with _____ faults. |
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Definition
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Term
_____ is the technique used to date and study the ocean floor, which was fundamental in leading to the general acceptance of plate tectonics. |
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Definition
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Term
The youngest rocks at the Earth's surface tend to be located _______. |
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Definition
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Term
The feature in the foreground of this photograph is a(n) _____. [Photo Source] |
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Definition
anticline - The "simplest relationship between structure and topography" |
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Term
The Black Hills, South Dakota, is a dome-shaped feature formed over a ____. |
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Definition
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Term
Shiprock, New Mexico, formed from lava solidifying in the "throat" of a volcano. Today, the exposed sharp spire is called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
Mount Fuji, Mount Rainier, and Mount Shasta are all |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
from the collapse of a volcanic crater. |
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Term
A block uplifited between two parallel faults is a |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
was built of flood basalts. |
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Term
T/F The maintenance of hydrostatic equilibrium in the crust is referred to as plasticity. |
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Definition
FALSE - Maintenance of hydrostatic equilibrium is isostasy. |
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Term
T/F The concept of continental drift is a relatively new theory dating from the late nineteenth century. |
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Definition
FALSE - Idea of a supercontinent existed in 1590 with Abraham Ortelius and 1620 with Francis Bacon |
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Term
T/F A thermal convection system appears to operate within the planet, bringing deep-seated magma slowly to the surface and pulling remelted crustal rocks into the depths. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Seafloor spreading is the theory that says that oceanic ridges are formed by currents of magma rising up from the mantle and spreading laterally. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F When magma is expelled onto Earth's surface while still molten, the activity is called volcanism. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F All volcanoes are temporary features of the landscape. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The term "flood basalt" is applied to the vast accumulations of lava that build up, sometimes covering tens of thousands of square miles and hundreds of feet deep. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Lava domes have masses of very viscous lava such a rhyolite that are too thick and pasty to flow very far. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Stocks are even larger than batholiths |
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Definition
FALSE - Batholiths are larger than stocks |
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Term
T/F When rock is broken with accompanying displacement, the action is called faulting. |
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Definition
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Term
A small-to-medium mass of lithosphere carried a long distance by a drifting plate that eventually converges with another plate is known as a |
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Definition
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Term
This photo depicts a _______ - type volcano. [Photo Source] |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
This photo depicts a _______ - type volcano. [Photo Source] |
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Definition
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Term
The youngest island in the Hawaiian Island chain is located |
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Definition
on the southeast end of the chain. |
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Term
This photo depicts a _____ - type volcano. [Photo Source] |
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Definition
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Term
Alternating flows of viscous lava and ash, accompanied by loud explosions of noxious gases are typical of |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Valleys never form on anticlines. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F A batholith is a subterranean igneous body that forms when magma cools in a near-vertical fracture. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F A pyroclastic flow is sometimes called a nuee ardente. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F A monocline is a simple symmetrical upfold. |
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Definition
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Term
An up-turned fold is a _______ while a down-turned fold is a ______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
E. continental–continental convergence |
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Term
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Definition
C. oceanic–continental convergence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Aleutian volcanic island arc |
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Definition
B. oceanic–oceanic convergence |
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Term
The last Pleistocene glaciers melted about |
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Definition
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Term
In areas covered by thick Pleistocene ice sheets, |
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Definition
the land was depressed by the weight of the ice, and is still rebounding. |
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Term
Which of the following was not an indirect effect of the Pleistocene glaciation? |
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Definition
erosion at the Earth's surface |
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Term
Which of the following are not characteristics of ice sheets? |
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Definition
Ice is thick at the edges of ice sheets and thinner in the middle. |
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Term
The persistence of glaciers depends on which of the following? |
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Definition
the balance between accumulation and ablation |
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Term
The following are true statements concerning glacier movement, except which one? |
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Definition
All parts of a glacier move at the same rate. |
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Term
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Definition
finely ground rock from glacial erosion. |
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Term
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Definition
is rock debris deposited directly by moving or melting ice. |
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Term
A landform composed of unsorted till with its long axis aligned parallel to the direction of ice movement is a |
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Definition
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Term
The landform resulting from the intersection of three or more cirques is a (an) |
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Definition
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Term
The most recent stage of Pleistocene glaciation in traditional terminology is known as the |
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Definition
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Term
Sorting and stratification would be most prominent for which one of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
The Pleistocene glaciation first began about how many years ago? |
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Definition
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Term
What is this famous glacial feature from Switzerland called? It forms when two or more of the following intersect. |
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Definition
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Term
The dark stripes running the length of the glacier in this picture ptl00629_USGS.jpg (source) are called |
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Definition
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Term
Glacial striations are generally aligned |
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Definition
in the direction of (parallel to) ice flow. |
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Term
Which of the following is a product of glacial erosion? |
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Definition
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Term
A till plain forms ______ of a terminal moraine, while an outwash plain forms _____ of a terminal moraine. |
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Definition
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Term
A glacier that "spills" out of a valley onto a flat area at a mountain front is a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
Glacial striations are produced by |
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Definition
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Term
T/F About 7 percent of all contemporary erosion is accomplished by glaciers. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The dominant environmental characteristic of the Pleistocene was the refrigeration of high-latitude and high-altitude areas. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F About 10 percent of Earth's land surface is covered with ice today. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F In the conterminous United States, most glaciers are in the northeast. |
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Definition
FALSE - Mostly in west, by the Rockies and in Alaska |
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Term
T/F About 30 percent of the total area of Alaska is glacial ice. |
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Definition
FALSE - Only 4% of Alaska's total area |
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Term
T/F Ice sheets are vast blankets of ice that completely cover the underlying terrain to depths of hundreds or thousands of feet. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The upper portion of a glacier is called the accumulation zone. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The general term for all material moved by glaciers is drift. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Continental ice sheets are the most extensive features ever to appear on the face of the planet. |
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Definition
FALSE - Continents and Oceans beg to differ. |
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Term
T/F Eskers are composed largely of glaciofluvial gravel. |
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Definition
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Term
The cross-sectional profile of valleys eorded by alpine glaciers tend to be |
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Definition
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Term
____ is composed of sorted and layered material laid down by meltwater from a glacier. |
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Definition
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Term
This photo taken in Yosemite National Park shows what type of glacial landform? |
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Definition
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Term
As shown in this photo from Yellowstone National Park, a huge boulder resting on a competely different type of bedrock is called a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
Scouring the surface with rock embedded in the base of a glacier is called |
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Definition
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Term
The glacial landforms in this photo taken in Wisconsin are called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
point in the direction a glacier was going to. |
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Term
T/F Only the Northern Hemisphere was affected by Pleistocene glaciation. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F When ice attains a thickness of several dozen yards, the entire mass begins to move. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F Outwash plains are smooth, flat alluvial aprons deposited beyond terminal moraines by streams under the ice. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F As long as a glacier exists, the ice in it is flowing. |
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Definition
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Term
The upper portion of a glacier is the zone of _____ while the lower portion is the zone of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
sharp, linear mountain ridge |
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Definition
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Term
pit formed by the melting of an ice block |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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