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| 4 Areas considered in general survey |
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Definition
| physical appearance, body structure, mobility, behavior |
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underweight <18.5
normal 18.5 - 24.9
overweight - 25 - 29.9
obesity (class 1 ) - 30 - 34.9
obesity (class 2) - 35-39.9
extreme obesity - > 40 |
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Definition
| Bmi overestimates body fat in persons who are very muscular and it underestimates body fat in older adults who have lost muscle mass |
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Definition
| A waist circumference >35 in. for women, >40 in. for men increases risk for type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. |
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Term
| Tympanic membrane thermometer |
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Definition
| senses infrared emissions of the tympanic membrane. Because it shares the same vascular supply as the hypothalamus it is an accurate measurement of core temperature. |
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Definition
| amount of blood pumped into the aorta with one heartbeat, felt in the periphery as a pulse |
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Definition
| 30 second interval most accurate when rhythm is regular, but if it is irregular, count for a full minute. |
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Definition
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| heart rate varies with the respiratory cycle, speeding up at the peak of inspiration and slowing to normal with expiration. Commonly found in young adults and children |
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Term
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Definition
Neonate - 30 to 40
1 year - 20 to 40
2 yo - 25 to 32
8-10 yo - 20 -26
12-14 yo - 18 - 22
16 yo - 12-20
Adult - 10-20 |
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Definition
| maximum pressure felt on the artery during left ventricular contraction, or systole. |
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Definition
| elastic recoil, or resting, pressure that the blood exerts constantly between each contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| difference between systolic and diastolic pressures, reflects stroke volume. |
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Term
| mean arterial pressure (MAP) |
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Definition
| pressure forcing blood into the tissues, averaged over the cardiac cycle. Not and arithmetic average of systole and diastole because diastole lasts longer. Value closer to diastolic pressure plus 1/3 pulse pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Cardiac output >w/ heavy exercise, < w/ pump failure
2) vascular resistance > vasoresistance, <vasodilation
3)volume, <volume =hemmorhage, >volume = increased sodium/water retention or IV fluid overload
4) viscosity > increased hematocrit in polycythemia
5)Elasticity of artery walls > rigidity, hardening as in arteriosclerosis - heart pumping against greater resistance. |
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Term
| Significance of BP difference between 2 arms |
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Definition
| a reading of more than 10 to 15 mm Hg indicates arterial obstruction on the side with the lower reading |
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Term
Korotkoff Sounds
(phase 1) |
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Definition
tapping, soft and clear - the systolic pressure, artery opens and blood first spurts into the brachial artery.
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Term
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Definition
| No sound..silence for 30-40 mm Hg during deflation, an abnnormal finding, indicates hypertension. |
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Definition
| Swooshing - softer murmur follows tapping, turbulent blood flow through still partially occluded artery |
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Term
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Definition
| Knocking - Crisp, high pitched sounds, longer duration of blood flow through artery as it closes just briefly during late diastole |
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Term
Kortokoff sounds
Phase IV |
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Definition
| Abrupt muffling, sound mutes to low-pitched, cushioned murmur, blowing quality. Artery no longer closes in any part of cardiac cycle. Change in quality not intensity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Silence. Decreased velocity of blood flow. Streamlined bloodflow is silent. The last audible sound (marking the dissppearance of sounds) is diastolic pressure. Used to diagnose diastolic pressure in all age groups |
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Definition
| a congenital form of narrowing. Normally thigh pressure is higher, but in this case it will be lower. |
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Definition
| noninvasive method to assess arterial O2 saturation. A sensor attached to a person finger or ear lobe has a diode that emits light and a detector that measures the relative amount of light absorbed by oxyhemoglobon and unoxygenated hemoglobin |
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Definition
| pulse and BP measured by an electronic device, the Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter. Used to locate peripheral pulse sites. |
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Term
| Lifestyle Modifications for Hypertension |
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Definition
Lose weight if you are 10% above ideal weight
Limit alcohol intake to no more than one drink a day
Get regular aerobic exercise
Cut sodium intake to less than 100 mmol/L per day
Include reccomended dosages of K, Ca, Mg, in your diet
Stop smoking
Reduce dietary saturated fat and cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficiency in growth hormone in childhood results in retardation of growth below the 3rd percentile, delayed puberty, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency |
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Term
| Acromegaly (Hyperpituitarism) |
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Definition
| Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adulthood, after completion of body growth. Causes overgrowth of bones in the head, face, hands and feet, but no change in height. Internal organs also increase in size. |
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Definition
| Excessive secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary resulting in overgrowth of the entire body. |
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Definition
| Abraham Lincoln had this. Inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by tall, thin stature, long thin fingers (arachnodactyly), hyperextensible joints. Early morbidity and mortality occur as a result of cardiovascular complications. |
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| A genetic disorder in converting cartilidge to bone results in normal trunk size, short arms and legs and short stature. Characterized by a relatively large head, prominent lumbar lordosis, and abdominal protrusion |
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| A serious psychological disorder characterized by severe and life-threatening weight loss and amenorrhea in an otherwise healthy adolescent or young woman. Behavior is characterized by fanatic concern about weight, starvation diets, frenetic exercise patterns and striving for perfection. |
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Term
| Endogenous Obesity - Cushing Syndrome |
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Definition
| Either administration of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or excessive production of ACTH by the pituitary will stimulate the adrenal cortex to secrete excess cortisol. This causes weight gain and edema with central trunk and cervical obesity(buffalo hump) and round plethoric, face (moon face). Markedly different from Exogenous Obesity caused by excess calorie intake. |
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