Term
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Definition
| Selection toward an extreme. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selection against extremes, towards the average. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selection against the mean. |
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Term
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Definition
How are traits passed on?
Where does new variation come from?
Why aren't the extremes averaged? |
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Term
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Definition
Removes variability rapidly
and
Favored traits quickly disappear. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a force that acts on the individual |
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Term
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Definition
| a force that acts on the population |
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Term
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Definition
-basic unit of life for all living organisms
-share many similarities across organisms |
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Term
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Definition
-single celled organisms, do not have nucleus/organelles
-3.7 billion years |
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Term
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Definition
-multicellular organisms, contain nucleus
-1.2 billion years old |
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Term
| Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells |
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Definition
-Nucleus
-DNA
-Cytoplasm
-Ribosomes
-Mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle, the control center, contains DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| liquid that contains all organelles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| produces energy for cell, mtDNA |
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Term
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Definition
-components of body tissue
-soma= greek for 'body' |
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Term
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Definition
-sex cells
-Ova= egg cells produced in female ovaries
-Sperm= sex cells produced in male testes |
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Term
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Definition
-union between sperm and ovum
gamete+gamete=zygote |
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Term
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Definition
In 1953 by James Watson, Francis Crick,
Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin. |
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Term
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Definition
-Replication= the process by which DNA copies itself
-Protein Synthesis= helps in the creation of molecules that make up the organism |
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Term
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Definition
-Dna must duplicate itself 1st
-Cells recieve a copy of genetic material
-Enzymes initiate and direct reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| How somatic cells replicate |
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Term
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Definition
| How gametic cells replicate |
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Term
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Definition
| uncoiled DNA, spaghetti like |
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Term
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Definition
| humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs |
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Term
| 2 Reasons for DNA Replication |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-CELL DIVISION AND REPLICATION IN SOMATIC CELLS
-GROWTH AND REPLACEMENT OF CELLS
-RESULTS: 2 IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS |
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Term
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Definition
-CELL DIVISION IN TESTES AND OVARIES
-PRODUCES GAMETES (SPERM AND EGGS), HAS 2 DIVISIONS
-RESULTS: 4 HAPLOID CELLS...EACH CONTAIN HALF THE ORIGINAL NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES |
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Term
| RECOMBINATION (CROSSING-OVER) |
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Definition
EXCHANGE OF GENETIC MATERIAL BETWEEN CHROMOSOMES DURING MEIOSIS
EXPLAINS WHY OFFSPRING OF THE SAME PARENTS ARE DIFFERENT |
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Term
| EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF MEIOSIS |
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Definition
GENETIC VARIATION IS NECESSARY FOR ADAPTION
INCREASES GENETIC VARIATION AT A FASTER RATE THAN MUTATION |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| RANDOM ASSORTMENT AND RECOMBINATION |
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Definition
| SOURCE OF NEW ARRANGEMENTS |
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Term
| PROBLEMS WITH CELL DIVISION |
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Definition
| NONDISJUNCTION- OCCURS WHEN CHROMOSOMES DO NOT SEPARATE ACCURATELY DURING MEIOSIS |
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Term
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Definition
| HAVE ONLY 1 MEMBER OF A CHROMOSOME PAIR, USUALLY FATAL, 45 CHROMOSOMES |
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Term
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Definition
| HAVING 3 MEMBERS OF A CHROMOSOME PAIR, 47 CHROMOSOMES |
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Term
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Definition
DOWN SYNDROME, 3RD CHROMOSOME COPY ON 21
1 OUT OF EVERY 1,000 |
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Term
| TRISOMY 13 (PATAU SYNDROME) |
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Definition
| CAUSES BRAIN DEFECTS, DEAFNESS, AND EYE ABNORMALITIES, CLEFT LIP & PALATE, AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE |
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