Term
|
Definition
teeth
large brain
bipedal
tool making |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different functional systems will evolve at different rates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| humans use and depend on culture |
|
|
Term
| archaeological traces of behavior |
|
Definition
context
artifact
features
site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spacial and temperal association between and among artifacts and features |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything made or modified by humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
evidence of human activity
artifact that is not portible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| location of past human activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
butchering
quarry
multipurpose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single species w/ tools and debris from tools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| place where raw materials extracted and tools made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what happens to an animal when they die |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
indirect evidence
coprolites
footprints
impressions of leaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bog ppl
ice man
insects in amber
tar pits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Starts w/ burying prior to that organisms complete decomposition |
|
|
Term
| how can fossils messed up |
|
Definition
decomposition/predation
geologic distortion
weathering |
|
|
Term
| biases in the fossil record |
|
Definition
convoluted series of events
biases towards numerous hard parts
time/location biases |
|
|
Term
| convoluted series of events |
|
Definition
| low likelihood of fossilization |
|
|
Term
| Biases towards numerous hard parts |
|
Definition
Organisms hard parts
Individuals which display particularly robust hard parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs non-randomly about the landscape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Relative dating
Absolute Dating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Place in chronological sequence
Match evidence at one site w/ evidence at another that has been absolutely dated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Specific age
Time scale
Based on knowing the time natural processes take to occur or precisely known global evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deeper -> older
higher -> newer |
|
|
Term
| 4 ways for chronometric dating |
|
Definition
Radio carbon
Potassium-Argon
Fission tract
Bostratigraphy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
present to 75000 bp
requires carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1-5 mya
Radio active decay of potassium into argon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Based on regular evolutionary changes in groups of mammals
Use evolution sequence that is worked out from sites that can be chronmetrically dated by other means |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Scavenging model
Reproductive strategy
Thermoregulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Found in New World
Plesiadapis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
looked more like insectivore or rodent
Lacked many primate charac.
omnivorious
archaic primates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primates of modern aspect |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of Eocene Primates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lemur like
Slow climbers
leaf and fruit eating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tarsier like
all show leapers
insect and fruit eating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paraitecids
Propliopithecids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small squirrel sized
fruit and seed eater
ancestral to NWM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small brain w/ large muzzle
house cat size
sexual dimorphism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
about 20 mya
Bigger than oligene anthropoids
Gibbon to female gorilla sized
lacked tail
fruit & leaf eaters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
16-10 mya
First definate hominoid fossils |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of middle miocene apes |
|
Definition
plerolapithecus
kenyapithecus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
teeth and face resemble hominoids
more terrestrial than previous forms
thickly enameled teeth and robust
no brachiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
capable of brachiation
good candidate for ancestion |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of late miocene apes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fossils from europe, asia, africa
climate is turning cooler and dryer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
13-8 mya
woodland and grassland area
grass and seeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
south east asia
bamboo eater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
15-10 mya
arboreal
omniverous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FIRST DEFINITE HOMINIDS
robust and gracile forms
9 species and 2 genuses |
|
|
Term
| Australopithecus anamensis |
|
Definition
earliest of austropithicine
3.9-4.2 mya
gracile form
kenya |
|
|
Term
| Australopithecus Afarensis |
|
Definition
Most well represent species
footprints at tanzania
lucy from ethiopia
3.8-2.9 mya |
|
|
Term
| Australopithecus Africanus |
|
Definition
found in 1925
3-2 mya
South Africa
modern dentition |
|
|
Term
| Robust Australopithecines |
|
Definition
2.7-1 mya
thicker jaw
large molar
sagittal crest |
|
|
Term
| Australopithecus aethiopicus |
|
Definition
earliest form
2.7-2.3 mya
big cheekbones
large sagital crest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S. Africa
similar to a. africanus
larger teeth and jaw w/ flatter face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
E. africa
2.3-1.0 mya
not ancestrial to homo |
|
|
Term
| 2 plio-pliestocene hominids |
|
Definition
Kenyanthropus platyops
Australopithicus garhi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Woodland environment
3.5 mya
small brain and teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| areas of agreement on bipedal |
|
Definition
Atleast 2 seperate hominid lines between 3-1 mya
Robust australopithecines not ancesteal to homo
Early homo were not in direct ancestral line to modern humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3.0-2.5 mya
bigger brain and small chewing complex
short |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Found on eastren side of lake turkana
bigger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Java
1.8-.3 mya
contemporary w/ a. boisei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short arm and long legs
young male
6 ft in adulthood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ethiopia
600,000 ya
butchering
defleshing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dated at 1.7 mya
less robust
thinner browridge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
40 individuals
hunter gatherers
clothing?
cannibalism
scavengers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.8 mya
indonesia
adaptive success
tools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
800,000 bp
butchering/processing animals
stone tools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animal and hominid bones cut with tools |
|
|
Term
| Archaic homo sapiens in Africa |
|
Definition
Kabwe
huge brow ridges
large face |
|
|
Term
| Archaic homo sapiens in Asia |
|
Definition
Java
large robust cranium
browridge large |
|
|
Term
| Archaic homo sapians in Europe |
|
Definition
Spain
Atapuerca 5
32 individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
middle east and europe
reducesed tooth size
occipital bun
low long skull
short arms and legs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rock shelter
mostly fragments
cutmarks |
|
|
