Term
| What is the Latent period? |
|
Definition
| Period between AP initiation and beginning of contraction, EC coupling occurs |
|
|
Term
| What are the four parts of muscle fiber contraction? |
|
Definition
1. cross bridge formation
2. working power stroke
3. cross bridge detachment
4. cocking myosin head |
|
|
Term
What is isometric movement?
What is Isotonic? |
|
Definition
muscle tension w/o load movement
tension overcomes load and muscle shortens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| response of a motor unit to a single AP |
|
|
Term
| How do you get a graded response in a muscle contraction? |
|
Definition
| change frequency of stimulation or change strength of stimulus |
|
|
Term
| What is wave(temporal) summation? |
|
Definition
when second contraction occurs before muscle relaxes
More Ca2+ released than stored
contractions sum up |
|
|
Term
What is unfused tetanus?
Fused?
Bacterial? |
|
Definition
quivering contraction -over summation
no relation
severe involuntary contractions |
|
|
Term
What is a verrucae?
Where do they occur? |
|
Definition
benign wart
virus only invades skin and normal membranes
can happen any body part |
|
|
Term
| What is the Herpes simplex virus? |
|
Definition
vesicles & erythema become pustules, ulcers, crusts, then heal
type 1 & 2 |
|
|
Term
What is herpes zoster
where does it hide? |
|
Definition
shingles
dorsal root ganglia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general name for fungal infection |
|
|
Term
| What do fungal infections typically look like |
|
Definition
| Can vary, often ertthematous macules or plaques |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is candida albicans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acute contagious bacterial infection
has vesicles, pustules, & yellowing crusts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bacterial
chronic infectious |
|
|
Term
| What is congenital ichthyosis? |
|
Definition
rare inherited disease
excessive growth of keratinocytes
(skin slughs off) |
|
|
Term
| What are corns and calluses? |
|
Definition
hyperkeratosis
caused by stimulation and pressure |
|
|
Term
| What are the three main types of skin cancer? |
|
Definition
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma |
|
|
Term
What is Rubella?
Whats its other name
where does it start?
can it cross placenta? |
|
Definition
Childhood skin disorder
(3 day german measles)
begins on trunk, spreads, swollen lymph
can cross placenta |
|
|
Term
What is Roseola infantum?
some classic signs? |
|
Definition
kind skin disorder
herpes virus 6 & 7
maculopapular rash on trunk, spreads to appendages, high fever, no swollen lymph, inflamed tympanic membranes |
|
|
Term
What are other names for the measles?
where does it begin
Classic signs? |
|
Definition
hard measles, 7 day measles
acute highly communicable
begins on face
high temp, photosensitivity, macules may hemorrhage, macuals can be confluent |
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages of chicken pox? |
|
Definition
| macules, vesicles, granular scab |
|
|
Term
What is scarlet fever?
what causes it?
What problems does it start from?
Classic Signs? |
|
Definition
systemic reaction to toxins
group a hemolytic streptococci
strep throat, skin infections,
fever, strawberry tongue, desquamates tongue |
|
|
Term
| what age group is at most risk for thermal injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two phases of thermal injury? |
|
Definition
immediate, -cellular injury
delayed, progressive dermal ischemia |
|
|
Term
| What are the three zones of injury? |
|
Definition
| zone of necrosis, stasis, & hyperemia |
|
|
Term
| what is the chain of events in a severe burn? |
|
Definition
| shock, hypoperfusion, acid/base imbalance, tissue erosion, bacterial infection, organ problems |
|
|
Term
| What is a 1st degree burn? |
|
Definition
superficial partial-thickness
outer layers of epidermis only |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of 2nd degree burns? |
|
Definition
partial thickness-epidermis & part of dermis
Full thickness- epidermis & entire dermis, but subQ structures stay intact |
|
|
Term
| What is a 3rd degree burn? |
|
Definition
full thickness, extends through subQ tissue
-vascular involvement |
|
|
Term
| What is a 4th degree burn? |
|
Definition
full thickness, extends beyond dermis
muscle & bone involved
(usually electrical injury) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pathologic changes to CV system
capillary leak, fluid loss,evaporation
-profound & lethal if w/o treatment |
|
|
Term
| What is the cardiac dysfunction with burn shock? |
|
Definition
drop in CO
low CO in IV fluids |
|
|
Term
| What is the Respiratory dysfunction with burn shock? |
|
Definition
Obstruction-edema in upper airway
Smoke & fume inhalation
CO poisoning |
|
|
Term
| why bone type can handle compression & shearing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a comminuted fracture? |
|
Definition
| more than one fracture line and more than 2 bone fractures |
|
|
Term
| what is an Impacted fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a greenstick fracture? |
|
Definition
| incomplete with intact cortical side flexed |
|
|
Term
| What is an avulsion fracture? |
|
Definition
| separation at site of attachment of ligament or tendon |
|
|
Term
| What is a depressed fracture? |
|
Definition
fragments below bone surface
-usually in skull |
|
|
Term
What is non-structural scoliosis?
what is structural scoliosis? |
|
Definition
resolves when pt bends to affected side
lateral curve fails to correct (vertebral rotation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bone resorption faster than formation
cancellous bone lost faster than cortical
disuse, age, genetics |
|
|
Term
| What is rickets & osteomalacia? |
|
Definition
deficit in mineralization of osteoid
vit D deficiency prevents normal Ca2+ and phosphorus maintenance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
slow metabolic disorder
excess bone resorption with fast formation.
too much cancellous bone
lots of fractures |
|
|
Term
What is contractile tissue damage?
Non contractile? |
|
Definition
muscle, tendon, insertions(involved in contraction)
-joint capsules, ligaments, bursae, nerve roots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation to tendon sheath |
|
|
Term
| What is compartment syndrome? |
|
Definition
swelling bigger than compartment
cause ischemia & pain |
|
|
Term
| What is Muscular Dystrophy? |
|
Definition
group of problems
progressive muscle weakness & degeneration |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of MD? |
|
Definition
duchenne- common, severe, X linked
Becker - mild, inherited |
|
|
Term
| What is Myasthenia Gravis? |
|
Definition
chronic autoimmune disease
-voluntary muscle weakness & fatigue
-ACH receptor antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chronic muscle pain
may be partially psychiatric |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
degenerative, progressive, non inflammatory disease
-lose articular cartilage
many factors |
|
|
Term
What are some symphtoms of osteoarthritis?
Radiologic abnormalities? |
|
Definition
bony joint elnlargement, morning stiffness,
bone spurs,genu valgus or varus |
|
|
Term
What is Genu Varus?
What is Genu Valgus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some charasteristics of RA? |
|
Definition
morning stiffness > 1 hour
joint swelling 3+ areas
symmetric
rheumatoid factor |
|
|
