2 reasons to study great apes are:

1. PRIMATES AS REFERENTIAL MODELS

to study human behav and evo

2.  PRIMATES AS MODELS FOR BEHAVE EVO

to understand relats between behav, ecology, and evo.

YERKES and ZUCHERMAN:

studied primates in the 20s-30s

worked on nat hist, psych, and sociology

DEVORE;

-worked in 50-60s

-studied babooons on the savannah

--as a REF MODEL for early humans

LEAKEY;

-primatologist in 50s-60s

-studied great apes bc they are close relatives

-sent out goodall, fossey and galdlikas

WILLIAMS;

-60's-70's

-studied individual selection

 evo theory

-primatologist

HAMILTON:

-primatologist from 60s-70s

-studied kin selection in evolutionary theory

RAYMOND DART;

-50s

- concept of Man, the Hunter

 -- saw hunting as uniquely human qual among apes

--thought that group hutning and cooperation were key ingredients in evo of homo

- thought chimps were veges

JANE GOODALL

-found that chimps use tools and hunt

--aka not so dif from us after all

- when we realised that chimps use tools and hunt we realised that we can use them as an evo model for humans

worked in 70s

hunting at GOMBE;

 -STANFORD

-savannah

-chimps hunt like 10% of opportunities

-factors that set off hunting;

colobus w infants

number of male chimps

presence of swollen fems

- colobus monkeys sit and wait for attack

-chance of success

inc w n of male chimps

dec w n of colob defenders

-hunting has selfish/competitive goals

-- meat shared w females, allies

hunting at TAI:

-BOESCH and BOESCH-ACHERMAN

-jungle

-hunting COOPERATIVE

--everyone has dif roles

--success much higher if coordinated

-- meat shared w those who participate in hunt

-hunt occurs like 70% of opportunities

-BETTER MODEL for humans

STANFORD;

-suggests that chimps in gombe hunt competitively bc it is an open woodland enviro instead of dense jungle

-says this is the enviro in which humans first evolved

i7

BOESCH AND BOESCH-ACHERMANN;

-studied tai chimps

-tai chimps hunt cooperatively

--dense forest/jungle

coord hunts = 70% @ tai but only 7% @gombe

tool making, use, teaching, and sharing more sophisticated in tai chimps than gombe