Term
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Definition
no tissues
no organs
no symmetry |
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Term
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Definition
| jellyfish, corals, sea anenomones, radial symmetry, bilateral larva, polyp and medusa stages, cnidocytes, nemadocytes |
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Term
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Definition
Turbellara- flat worms (planaria)
trematoda- human live fluke
cestoda- tape worms
acoelomate |
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Term
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Definition
psuedocoelomate
ecdysis
seperate sexes
diverse
free living and parasitic |
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Term
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Definition
polyplacophora
bivalvia
gastropoda
cephalopoda |
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Term
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Definition
visceral mass- digestive, excretory, reproductive organs,
mantle- cover the shell
foot- muscular foot for attachment
radula- toothed tongue (except bivalves) |
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Term
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Definition
polychaetae- bristleworms
oligotchaeta- earthworms
hirudinea- leeches |
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Term
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Definition
segmentation- improved locomotion and burrowing, specialization for different segments,
longitudinal and circular muscles
coelomate partioned by a septa
cheata except hirudinea |
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Term
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Definition
jointed appendages
exoskeleteon- chiton, ecdysis
some segments specialized into functional groups called tagmata |
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Term
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Definition
ex. arachnids
chelicera
pedipalps
8 walking legs, segments fuse into
prosoma
opithosoma |
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Term
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Definition
primarily aquatic
cephalothorax and abdomen
mandibles
biramous appendages
nauplius larva |
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Term
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Definition
largest animal group
primarily terrestrial
3 body regions
undergo metamorphosis
simple- immature stages to adult
complete- wormlike larva, resting stage then adult
specialized mouth parts |
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Term
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Definition
pentaradial symmetry
deuterostome development
endoskeleton- calcium carbonate
secondary radial symmetry
water vascular system- tube feet |
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Term
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Definition
pharyngeal slits
notochord
bilateral symmetry
postnatal tail
hollow dorsal nerve cord
deutoerostome |
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Term
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Definition
vertical column
development of vertebral column from dorsal nerve cord
most have a head or cranium
evolved from urochordate larva
internal organs
endoskeleton |
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Term
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Definition
they have a mouth with a ring of cartilage to give it round structure
they make slime |
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Term
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Definition
| evolved from the most anterior of a series of arch supports made of cartilage, which were used to reinforce the tissues between the two gill slits to hold the slits open. each gill arch was formed by a series of several cartilages. |
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Term
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Definition
no operculum
skeleton- cartilage so its light and flexible |
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Term
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Definition
bony (heavy skeleton)
swim bladder
operculum- gil cover
2 groups
ray finned- not muscular
lobe finned- fleshy fins because they are muscular |
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Term
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Definition
large bodies supporting weight on land as well as enabling movement
even though there was more oxygen on land, there gills needed the water for buyoncy to support them because they wont function in air
reproduction was |
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Term
| evolution of amphibians from fish |
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Definition
from lobe finned fish
lobe finned fish have humerus, radius, ulna |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| characteristics of amphibia |
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Definition
quadrapedal
moist skin mucus
dependence on water
lungs- evolved lungs
external fertilization because eggs are fertilized outside females body |
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Term
| why are reptiles more succesful than amphibians in dry environments |
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Definition
| they have stronger limbs, better locomotion, therelimbs are further under the torso, efficient thoracic breathing, amphibians dont have ribs, if you have ribs you can pull your lungs out with your rib cage. reptiles have a more efficient circulatory system. they have more muscles and a higher metabolic rate so they need more food and nutrients. the amniotic egg and internal fertilization is the main reason reptiles were so succesful on land. it allowed them to let go of their dependence on water |
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Term
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Definition
amphibians amniotic eggs must be layed in water or a moist environment to avoid drying out. most reptiles lay a water tight egg that contain food source ( the yolk). the chorion is the outer most membrane of the egg and allows for gas exchange but retains water
the amnion encases the developing embryo within a fluid filled cavity.
allantois- collects nitrogenous waste from the embryo, must get rid of it or it will poison the egg, the yolk sac stores yolk which is food for the developing embryo. |
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Term
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Definition
| reptiles do internal fertilization, the sperm is placed inside the female where sperm fertilizes the egg before protective membranes are formed. all living reptiles are ectothermic |
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Term
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Definition
almost hollow skeleton, feathers, endothermic,
adaptations for flight- keel, feathers, almost hollowbones, wings, fused clavicle to provide a stroner structure for muscles to pull on. female birds have one ovary |
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Term
| characteristics of reptilia (advances over amphibians) |
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Definition
dry watertight skin (keratin)
stronger limbs
efficient thoracic breathing
more efficient circulatory system
more powerful jaw muscles
amniotic egg and internal fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
evolved before birds
evolved from therapsid reptiles
hair- insulation, hairs become modified to filter air
sensory whiskers
mammary glands- big transition because the mother had a more effecient way of feeding the baby
specialized teeth
amniotes- no amniotic egg, amniotes because the embryos devlop internally surrounded by an amniotic membrane
reptile and birds are amniotes |
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Term
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Definition
| spiny ant eaters, they lay eggs, they are representative of an early mammalian evolution, dont have nipples, milk oozes down fur and thebaby drinkit off the hair |
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Term
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Definition
| representative of a stage between monotremes and amrsupials, they need a pouch placenta lasts for two or three weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| most are in this group, further stage of embryonic development, mom produces the milk |
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Term
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Definition
| the plasma membrane regulates what comes in and out of a cell. there is a volume to surface area ratio. as the cell gets larger, its surface area to volume ratio decreses, and the diffusion distance therefore increases, whatever is being diffused will have to travel farther into the cell. if the cell is to big, it cannot sustain life, because not enough things will be able to get in or out of the cell in time. there is a limit to cell size. the membrane acts as gates to the cell. the more cell membrane you have relative to units of cytoplasm, the more gates you have to move things in and out. the more efficiently things will move. |
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Term
| why are the arthropods so successful? |
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Definition
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