Term
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Definition
-Sessile
-No True Tissues, Organs, or Circulatory System
-Choanocyte- Moves water and captures food
-SYNAPOMORPHY- Spicules
-Symmetry - Asymmetrical
-Cephalization - No
-Gut - Absent |
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Term
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Definition
-Gut- Two-Way
-SYNAPOMORPHY- Cnidoblasts
- Body Forms - Polyp and Medusa
- Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Anthozoa
- Cephalization - No
- Symmetry - Radial
- Germ Layers? - 2 (Diploblastic) |
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Term
| Three Classes of Cnidaria |
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Definition
Hydrozoa- Dominated by polyp Stage. Reproduces in Medusa stage.
Scyphozoa- Dominated by Medusa stage (Jellyfish) Release sperm into ocean.
Anthozoa- Lack medusa stage. (Corals, sea anemones, sea pens, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
Head Develops First
(Rotifera, Platyhelminthes, Annelidia, Mollusca, Nematoda, Arthropoda) |
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Term
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Definition
Anus Develops First
(Echinodermata, Chordata) |
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Term
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Definition
Grouping of Protostomes
(Rotifera, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca) |
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Term
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Definition
Grouping of Protostomes (Grow by molting/shedding exoskeleton)
(Nematoda, Arthropoda) |
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Term
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Definition
Classes- Tubularia, Trematoda, Cestoda
Synapomorphy - None
Gut - Two-way (Incomplete) or no gut
Symmetry- Bilateral
Cephalized- Yes
Germ Layers- 3 |
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Term
| Three Classes of Platyhelminthes |
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Definition
Tubularia - Flatworms (Planaria)
Trematoda - Fluke
Cestoda- Tape Worms |
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Term
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Definition
Segmented - Yes
Germ Layers - 3 (Body Cavity/Coelom)
Symmetry- Bilateral
Cephalization - Yes
Gut- Complete
Synapomorphy - Segmented Body
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Separate Sexes |
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Term
| Three Classes of Annelidia |
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Definition
Polychaeta - Very structurally diverse. Feather Dusters. Crawl or burrow using Chaetae/Parapodia.
Oligochaetes- Fewer chaetae, lack parapodia and burrow with peristalsis. (Earthworms)
Hirudinea- (Leeches) Lack chaetae, and do not burrow or crawl but rather use their hydrostatic skeleton to swim. |
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Term
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Definition
Synapomorphy- Foot, mantle (Can be used for moving to produce jet propulsion), radula (except bivalves which is file-like and scrapes algae)
Symmetry- Bilateral
Cephalization- Yes
Gut- One Way/Complete
Separate Sexes |
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Term
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Definition
Polyplacophora- Many plates (Chitons). Fertilize externally
Bivalvia- Two shells. Umbo is the oldest part of the shell. Burrow into sand with foot (Clams, Mussels, Oysters, Scallops)
Cephalopoda- Head/Foot. Well developed brains and eyes. Separate sexes.
Gastropoda- Stomach/Foot. Largest class in Mollusca. (Snails, slugs, and nudibranches) Undergo Torsion (Twisting mantle cavity resulting in the anus being above the head of the organism) Reproduce sexually and asexually. |
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Term
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Definition
Synapomorphy- Amphids (Sensory organs on head) Segmented - No
Cephalized- Yes
Gut- Complete
Movement- Hydrostatic skeleton to mush off substrate
Reproduction- Reproduce sexually
Germ Layers- 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| Synapomorphy- Compound eyes, exoskeleton (cuticle), Jointed appendages. Symmetry- Bilateral Cephalization- Yes Gut- One Way/Complete Segmented - Yes Appendages- Paired, Jointed Appendages that serve functions. |
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Term
| Four Subgroups of Arthropoda |
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Definition
Myriapoda (Millipedes, Centipedes). Separate sexes and fertilize internally.
Chelicerates (Spiders, ticks, scorpions, horseshoe crabs) Named after its appendages (called chelicerae). Move with muscles attached to their exoskeleton and walk, crawl, and jump. Reproduce sexually.
Crustaceans- (shrimp, crabs, copepods, and barnacles) Segmented body split into cephalothorax, and abdomen. Hunters (lobsters, crabs) and suspension feeders (shrimp). Reproduce sexually w/ separate sexes. 5 or more pairs of legs. BIRAMOUS!
Insecta- Three regions (Head, thorax, abdomen) Six legs attached to thorax. Have mandible, maxilla, labrum, and labium and can feed in many different ways. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pupal stage in life cycle. 80% of all insects. Is beneficial because of energy conservation. Not all insects are holometabolous because maybe they divereged from eachotehr based on local adaptive advantages. Don't always compete because it has different life stages. |
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Term
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Definition
| Quicker to reach sexual maturity. Always compete, wheras, momometabolous don't always compete because they have different life stages. |
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Term
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Definition
2 limbs come out of the same segment. Branched or Y-shaped appendages. CRUSTACEANS!
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Warning coloration. Bright signals posessed by noxious prey |
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Term
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Definition
| Harmless species evolved the warning signals of a harmful species |
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Term
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Definition
| Local convergence on pattern. Region dependent. All species in a group of mullerian mimics have defenses against predators. Group together so the predator learns more quickly to avoid all members. |
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Term
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Definition
| Camouflage- Blend into their background to match the habitat where they are found. |
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Term
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Definition
-Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Sea Cucumbers.
-Symmetry- Radia. but are born bilateral
-Deuterostomes
-Cephalized- No
-Gut- Complete
-Water Vascular System |
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Term
| Five Classes of Echinoderms |
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Definition
Crinoidea- feather stars/sea lilies
Stem is made of connective tissue and attaches the organism to substrate and become free-swimming as adults. Reproduce sexually
Asteroidea- Sea star. Reproduce sexually.
Ophiuroidea- Brittle stars/basket stars. Central disk separated from the arms
Echinoidea- Sea Urchins/Sand Dollars.
Holothuroidea- Sea Cucumbers. ONLY CLASS OF ECHINODERMS THAT ARE SOFTBODIED AND HAVE HORIZONTAL EXIS OF SYMMETRY.
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Term
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Definition
-Invertebrate and Vertebrate Animals
-(sharks, ray-finned fishes, lungfish, amphibians, mammals, reptiles)
-Three subgroups Urochordates (sea squirts), cephalochordates (lancelets), and crainiates and vertebrates.
-Synapomorphies- Dorsal tubular nerve chord, notochord, post-anal tail, pharyngeal gill pouches/slits, and an endostyle/thyroid gland.
-Symmetry- Bilateral
-Cephalization- Yes
-Gut- Complete |
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Term
| Three subgroups of Chordates |
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Definition
-Urochordata (Sea squirts). Have an exoskeleton-coat called tunic which protects and supports their bodies, U SHAPED GUT, and two siphons which water/food enter and leave. Sexual or Asexual reproduction.
-Cephalochordata-(Lanclets)Intermediates between invertebrates and vertebrates
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Term
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Definition
| The similarity due to the common ancestor. |
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Term
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Definition
| similarity due to convergent evolution, but independent origins |
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