to be a cell, there must be...

1. a membrane
2. cytoplasm
3. DNA

virus cell organization

• much smaller than bacteria, <100 nm
• lacks a cytoplasm
• made up of nucleic acid, within a protein capset
• some have a membrane (not a cytoplasmic membrane)

prokaryotic cellular organization

(bacteria/archaea)

• avg size = 1 μm (some exceptions)
• lack a nucleus
• lack membrane bound organelles
• Archaea have biphtanyl monolayer membranes

eukaryotic cellular organization

• much bigger, 10-500 μm
• have a nucleus
• have membrane bound organelles
• diplomonads are a rare eukarya that lack mitochondria

people who proposed EARLY phylogenetic trees

• Linneaus
• Haekkel
• Whittaker

who created the LATER phylogenetic tree

Woese 

Linneaus

• only used visual observations to classify (taxonomy) 
• used Latin names
• only have TWO kingdoms (microbes not discovered yet )

Haekkel

• invented the term "phylogeny," which defines the evolutionary history of a species
• had a THREE kingdom tree

Whittaker

• used phylogeny
• have a FIVE kingdom tree

Woese

• used molecular phylogeny, which uses ribosomal RNA sequences to determine evolutionary history
• developed the current THREE kingdom tree: bacteria, archaea, eukarya

organisms with photo-

energy source comes from the sun 

organisms with chemolitho-

energy source comes from an inorganic chemical 

organisms with chemoorgano- 

energy source from an organic chemical 

organisms with -autotroph

• carbon source comes from CO2
• organic molecules are made

organisms with -heterotroph

• carbon source comes from other organic molecules 

cynobacteria

were the first organisms that produced significant levels of oxygen