Term
| what did the first model of the atom look like? |
|
Definition
| it was made out of water and iron - democritus |
|
|
Term
| what was the "plumb pudding" |
|
Definition
| J.J. Thomson said that an amorphous body was combined of positive and negative charges and the + and - charges are randomly distributed and the "pudding" holds it all together |
|
|
Term
| who disproved the pulmb pudding model? |
|
Definition
| Rutherford's scattering experiment |
|
|
Term
| what was Rutherford's scattering experiment? what did this conclude? |
|
Definition
| atoms of the metal (gold/Au) scattered electrons directly back to the source which concluded that there must be a "solid" nuclear mass at the center of atoms that is positively charged. |
|
|
Term
| The atoms of Rutheford's experiment were composed of what? how do we know this? |
|
Definition
| composed of mostly space - we know this because some of the light particles made it through and scattered |
|
|
Term
| what were the two conclusions of Rutherford's experiment? |
|
Definition
| the nucleus must be small and positively charged |
|
|
Term
| Rutheford's model says that acceleration of electrons results in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rutheford's model was also what type of model? |
|
Definition
| solar system model - a nucleus of a proton and neutron and an orbiting electron |
|
|
Term
| Rutheford's model said what was acting like "glue" to hold the protons together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with a proton and neutron at the center of the atom, how does it maintain charge equality? |
|
Definition
| putting electrons around the nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Bohr's model assumes what? |
|
Definition
| that the energy of the photon is quantized and thus the orbits are fixed |
|
|
Term
| according to Bohr's model, E = ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Bohr's model photons are emitted when? |
|
Definition
| when electrons drop to lower energy orbits |
|
|
Term
| According to Bohr's model energy is required by ______ to move us. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Bohr's model light only comes in what? |
|
Definition
| discrete quantities - NOT continous |
|
|
Term
| the Rydbury system accurately predicts the color of which element only? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Bohr's model redder light is what? |
|
Definition
| less energetic and has smaller jumps |
|
|
Term
| According to Bohr's model bluer light is what? |
|
Definition
| more energetic and has larger jumps |
|
|
Term
| Bohr's model accurately predicted what three things? |
|
Definition
1. levels for the single-atom hydrogen
2. wave length of light for hydrogen
3. Kirchoff's three laws related to emission and absorption in spectra |
|
|
Term
| what were four things that Bohr's model couldn't explain? |
|
Definition
1. multi-electon atoms
2. doubling of spectral lines in the presence of electrical and magnetic fields
3. intensity of spectral lines
4. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle |
|
|
Term
| Bohr's orbits are replaced by what? |
|
Definition
| probability distributions and "spin" states (quantum-mechanics) |
|
|
Term
| probing of the nucleus with "atomic knives" shows the nucleus to be made up of what? |
|
Definition
| more than just neutrons and protons |
|
|
Term
| what was the evolution of the theory of the atom? |
|
Definition
| democritus --> J.J. Thomson (plumb pudding) --> rutherford --> Bohr --> Quantum Mechanics |
|
|
Term
| what happens to particles in a particle acclerator? |
|
Definition
| charged particles are accelerated in large magnetic rings with electric fields and forced to collide with other such particles |
|
|
Term
| what can you determine from the collisions in the collider? |
|
Definition
| you can tell whether an object is electrically charged or magnetically charged |
|
|
Term
| what can be detected by varying electrical and magnetic fields and measuring the deflection of particles? |
|
Definition
| protons and neutrons (and even anti-matter) --- NOT ELECTRONS |
|
|
Term
quarks = ?
anti-quarks = ? |
|
Definition
quarks = matter
anti-quarks = antimatter |
|
|
Term
| when protons and anti-protons are collided they produce what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a "particle zoo" results from what? |
|
Definition
| protons and anti-protons colliding |
|
|
Term
| what are the building blocks of matter? how can we see these? |
|
Definition
| quarks - we cannot see these |
|
|
Term
| what is a composite particle made of quarks held together by a strong force (in the same way atoms are held together by the electromagnetic force)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hadron's are categorized into what two families? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protons and neutrons made of three quarks (a subatomic particle that has a mass equal or greater than that of a proton) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pions - made up of one quark and one antiquark |
|
|
Term
| Particle colliders such as the FermiLab, Tevatron, and the CERN Large Hadron Collider allow us to do what? |
|
Definition
| look back in time to the earliest state of the universe |
|
|
Term
| If you compress a gas, what happens to the temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As you get a higher temperature within a gas, what happens to the speed of the particles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how did we come up with the standard model of quarks? |
|
Definition
| by colliding particles of different types together |
|
|
Term
| what are subatomic particles carrying a fractional electric charge and spin? |
|
Definition
| quarks - they are postulated as building blocks of the hadrons |
|
|
Term
| what are subatomic particles that don't take park in the strong interaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "strong" and "weak" forces only operate where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a subatomic particle (such as a nucleon or hyperon) that has a mass equal or greater than that of a proton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a massive scalar elementary principle predicted to exist by the Standard Model of particle physics? |
|
Definition
|
|
