Term
| what is the daily motion of the stars? (4) |
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Definition
-stars rise along the eastern horizon
-stars set along the western horizon
-stars move left to right along the southern horizon
-stars move with circular motion in the north |
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Term
| what are the daily lunar motions? |
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Definition
| the moon moves westward across the sky and eastward among the stars (13 degrees eastward each day) |
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Term
| what are the sun's motions? |
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Definition
| the sun moves westward across the sky and eastward among the stars (1 degree eastward each day along the ecliptic) |
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Term
| what accounts for the sun's diurnal motion? |
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Definition
| the spinning of the Earth |
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Term
| when is the sun highest in the sky? lowest? |
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Definition
highest- summer
lowest-winter |
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Term
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Definition
| the sun rises in the NE on the first day of summer (5:25) and is high in the south during mid day then it sets in the southwest (8:25) for a 15 hour day |
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Term
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Definition
| the sun rises in the east – at midday the sun is in the south and the sun is around 50 degrees (the elevation is lower in the sky now than it was on the first day of summer) – it sets in the west (6:45) – and the day is only 12 hours. The sun is the source of heat, so when there is less heating the days get cooler. |
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Term
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Definition
| the sun rises in the southeast – at midday the sun is in the south and is at 26 degrees of elevation (this is the lowest point in the sky during the cycle) – the sun sets (4:30) in the southwest and is about a 9 hour day (Thus, why it’s so cold). |
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Term
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Definition
| The sun doesn’t go as quickly as the constellations. The stars move faster than the sun. The sun moves towards the east on the background stars. The sun goes around the constellations once a year, which takes 365 days to complete and is 360 degrees. The path through which the sun moves I called the “eclipic” and the constellations around this are known as the zodiac. Is shorter than a full day (22 hours) |
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Term
| how long does it take for the sun to come back to the same point along the horizon? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are two other words for planet? |
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Definition
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Term
| do planets change in brightness? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is planetary motion confined to? |
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Definition
| the region of the zodiac (12 constellations) in the direction of the ecliptic (the sun's path) |
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Term
| what accounts for planetary motions? |
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Definition
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Term
| which planets are inferior? |
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Definition
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Term
| where are inferior planets observed? |
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Definition
| in the west after sunset or in the east before sunrise |
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Term
| what accounts for the inferior planets sometimes moving away from the sun and sometimes moving towards it? |
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Definition
| The inferior planets are on the same epicycle as the sun, so they always stay close to it. Thus, they appear to have a retrograde motion which makes them look like they're going backwards. |
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Term
| Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn appear opposite of what in the sky? |
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Definition
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Term
| why does the sun "overtake" superior planets? |
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Definition
| when near the sun, the planets move eastward among the stars, but not as fast as the sun so the sun "overtakes" the superior planets |
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Term
| when the superior planets are opposite of the sun, the planets do what? |
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Definition
| retrograde- moving in a loop or s-shaped pattern |
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Term
| what were the importance of the heavens? |
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Definition
| they thought the planets were living gods. Thus, the sky was perfect and unchanging so the planets had to be moving on perfect circles. |
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Term
| What three things did ancient peoples use the sky for? |
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Definition
to tell time and keep track of seasons
to find directions
as a cathedral of the stars |
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Term
| which astronomer talked about the quintessence of the heavens? |
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Definition
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Term
| who believed that the moon glowing was actually a "central fire"? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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