Term
|
Definition
| An autotroph is an organisms, such as a plant, that can obtain energy for its life processes from an inorganic source and convert inorganic compounds to organic compounds. |
|
|
Term
| How are heterotrophs different from autotrophs? |
|
Definition
| Heterotrophs, such as humans, cannot obatin energy for their life processes from inorganic sources. They must consume organisms to obtain energy and organic compounds. |
|
|
Term
| Whta are the three stages of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| The three stages of photosynthesis is light obsorbtion, energy conversion , and carbon-dioxide fixation. |
|
|
Term
| What does a plant cell do with the light energy it captures? |
|
Definition
| Some of the light energy absorbed by a plnt is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
| What chemical equation is often used to summarize the process of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| 6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2 |
|
|
Term
| In what part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur? |
|
Definition
| Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. |
|
|
Term
| What role do pigments such as chlorophyll play in photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| Pigments such as chlorophyll absorb light energy that is needed for photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
| Where are the photosynthetic pigments located in a plant? |
|
Definition
| Photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll, are located in the membranes of thylakoids, which are found inside chloroplasts. |
|
|
Term
| How is the energy in light transferred to chlorophyll? |
|
Definition
| Energy from light absorbed by chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments is absorbed by electrons in chlorphyll molecules. In the process, the electrons are raised to a higher energy state. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name given to electrons that have been raised to a higher energy state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an electron tansport chain? |
|
Definition
| An electron transport chain is a series of molecules along a cell membrane through which electrons are passed from one molecule to the next. |
|
|
Term
| In pants, where are the electron transport chians for photosynthesis located? |
|
Definition
| The electron transport chains for photosynthesis are located in the membranes of the thylakoids, which are found inside chloroplasts. |
|
|
Term
| How is water used during photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| During photosynthesis, water molecules are broken into hydrogen ions, oxygen atoms, and electrons. The oxygen atoms are combined to form oxygen gas. the electrons replace the excited electrons lost by chlorophyll molecules. |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions inside a chloroplast as electrons move through the electron transport chains ? |
|
Definition
| As electrons flow through the electron transport chains in a thylakoid membrane, the concentration of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid increases, while the concentration of hydrogen ions in the stroma decreases. |
|
|
Term
| Where do the excited electrons end up after they pass through the electron transport chains of photsynthesis? |
|
Definition
| Eventually, the excited electrons that pass through the electron transport chains of photosynthesis are picked up by NADP+ ions, which are elctron acceptors. This forms the electron carrier NADPH. |
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of an ATP molecule ? |
|
Definition
| An Atp molecule consists of an an=denosine group and three phosphate groups. |
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of Atp to a cell? |
|
Definition
| Atp molecules are energy- carrying molecules that can deliver energy where it is needed in a cell. There are a ready source of energy for many cell activities. |
|
|
Term
| Where is ATP made during photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| ATP is made in the stroma of chlorplasts during photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
| What role do hydrogen ions play in the making of ATP during photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| During photosynthesis, the concentration of hydrogen ions becomes very high inside a thylakoid. ATp is made when hydrogen ions flow through a channel protein in the thylakoid membrane. The channel protein uses the energy in the flow of hydrogen ions to add a phospahte group to an ADP molecule, making an ATP molecule. |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the Calvin cycle? |
|
Definition
| During the calvin cycle, a carbon dioxide molecule is fixed. The resulting organic molecule is then altered in a series of chemical reactions that use ATP and NADPH. A three- carbon sugar is made, and the five-carbon starting molecule is regenerated by the Calvin cycle. |
|
|
Term
| What materials are needed for the calvin cycle? |
|
Definition
| The five -carbon starting molecule, carbon dioxide molecules, ATP molecules, and NADPH molecules are neede for the Calvin cycle. |
|
|
Term
| What material sre produced by the calvin cycle? |
|
Definition
| Three- carbon sugar molecules, ADP MOLECULES, AND NADP+ IONS |
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of the calvin cycle? |
|
Definition
| The calvin cycle is imporatnt because it incorportaes inorganic carbon dioxide molecules from the air into organic molecules. This process enables the light energy captures during photosynthesis to be stored in organic molecules. |
|
|
Term
| In addition to water and nutrients, what are four environmental factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| light intensity, color of light, temperature, and availability of carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| Which colors of light promote the fastest rate of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| Red- orange light and violet- blue light |
|
|
Term
| What combination of light intensity and temperature promotes the fastest rate of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| High light intensity and a warm temperature |
|
|
Term
| Why do very high or very low tempeeratures slow the rate of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| photosynthesis involves many chemical reactions that require enzymes, which are proteins. Proteins can become unable to function if the temperature becomes too high or too low. Therefore, very high or very low temperatures can slow or even stop photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
| How does the rtae of photsynthesis affect the rate of plant growth? |
|
Definition
| As the rate of photosynthesis increases , the rate of plant growth increases |
|
|
Term
| Three products of the light reaction of photosynthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ goes into the Calvin cycle and ____ is produced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
warming of air due to CO2 levels
Global Warming |
|
|
