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| A lock on the Advanced Photo System film cassette that allows unexposed or partially exposed film to be advanced only when the cassette is properly loaded into any of the system's equipment, including cameras and photofinishing devices. |
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| A camera with manually adjustable settings for distance, lens openings, and shutter speeds. |
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| A lens that has adjustable distance settings. |
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| A new standard in consumer photography developed by Kodak and four other System Developing Companies - Canon, Fuji, Minolta and Nikon - based on a new film format and innovative film, camera and photofinishing technologies. |
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| The new Kodak brand that identifies the company's Advanced Photo System offerings. |
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| Keeping the developer, stop bath, or fixer in a gentle, uniform motion while processing film or paper. Agitation helps to speed and achieve even development and prevent spotting or staining. |
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| The available light completely surrounding a subject. Light already existing in an indoor or outdoor setting that is not caused by any illumination supplied by the photographer. |
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| The area of a scene that a lens covers or sees. Angle of view is determined by the focal length of the lens. A wide-angle lens (short-focal-length) includes more of the scene-a wider angle of view-than a normal (normal-focal-length) or telephoto (long-focal-length) lens. |
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| Annealed polyethylene naphthalate-a polyester material used as the base on Advanced Photo System film; thinner, stronger and flatter than the acetate base traditionally used in consumer photographic roll films. |
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| Lens opening. The opening in a camera lens through which light passes to expose the film. The size of aperture is either fixed or adjustable. Aperture size is usually calibrated in f-numbers-the larger the number, the smaller the lens opening. |
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| An exposure mode on an automatic or autofocus camera that lets you set the aperture while the camera sets the shutter speed for proper exposure. If you change the aperture, or the light level changes, the shutter speed changes automatically. |
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| Good quality tape can be relied upon to withstand a wide range of temperature and humidity. If stored properly, the expected lifetime of a video tape should be anywhere from 10 years to beyond 30 years. Tapes should resist shedding and layer-to-layer adhesion; remain flexible; and retain the recorded signals with little loss. Poor performance tape may start shedding over time especially if exposed to extremes of temperature. Also they may develop sticky substances as a result of high humidity exposure and the breakdown of the vinyl binders used to hold the magnetic particles onto the base film. |
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| The ratio of width to height in photographic prints - 2:3 in 35 mm pictures to produce photographs most commonly measuring 3.5 x 5 inches or 4 x 6 inches; Advanced Photo System cameras deliver three aspect ratios as selected by the user. |
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| This is the measure of relative loudness of high frequencies compared to the playback level of the lower frequencies. It is measured at 7 Khz. |
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| The playback output level of the audio signal at lower frequencies (measured at 1 Khz). This represents how loud the audio signal will be on playback from conventional linear audio (not hi-fi VCRs). |
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| System by which the camera lens automatically focuses the image of a selected part of the picture subject. |
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| A camera with a built-in exposure meter that automatically adjusts the lens opening, shutter speed, or both for proper exposure. |
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| A shutter-speed setting on an adjustable camera that allows for time exposures. When set on B, the shutter will stay open as long as the shutter release button remains depressed. |
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| The part of the scene the appears behind the principal subject of the picture. |
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| Light coming from behind the subject, toward the camera lens, so that the subject stands out vividly against the background. Sometimes produces a silhouette effect. |
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| Information printed on the back of a picture by the photofinisher. The system standard requires the printing of frame number, film cassette number and processing date automatically on the back of each Advanced Photo System print; may also include more detailed information, such as customized titles and time and date of picture-taking. |
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| Placement of colors, light and dark masses, or large and small objects in a picture to create harmony and equilibrium. |
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| The folding (accordion) portion in some cameras that connects the lens to the camera body. Also a camera accessory that, when inserted between lens and camera body, extends the lens-to-film distance for close focusing. |
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| A shutter whose blades operate between two elements of the lens. |
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| An enlargement; a print that is made larger than the negative or slide. |
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| Flash or tungsten light bounced off a reflector (such as the ceiling or walls) to give the effect of natural or available light. |
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| Taking additional pictures of the subject through a range of exposures-both lighter and darker-when unsure of the correct exposure. |
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| Giving additional exposure to part of the image projected on an enlarger easel to make that area of the print darker. This is accomplished after the basic exposure by extending the exposure time to allow additional image-forming light to strike the areas in the print you want to darken while holding back the image-forming light from the rest of the image. Sometimes called printing-in. |
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| "Classic" format - one of the three selectable Advanced Photo System print formats; identical to the 2:3 aspect ratio used in 35 mm photography and suitable for most general-purpose shots. |
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| Various positions of the camera (high, medium, or low; and left, right, or straight on) with respect to the subject, each giving a different viewpoint or effect. |
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| Unposed pictures of people, often taken without the subject's knowledge. These usually appear more natural and relaxed than posed pictures. |
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| A lighttight, factory-loaded film container that can be placed in and removed from the camera in daylight. |
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| Elliptically shaped film cassette designed especially for the Advanced Photo System that serves as the sealed, leaderless container for all System film whether unexposed, exposed or processed. |
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| A chemical that neutralizes hypo in film or paper, reducing wash time and helping to provide a more stable image. |
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| A picture taken with the subject close to the camera-usually less than two or three feet away, but it can be as close as a few inches. |
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| A lens attachment placed in front of a camera lens to permit taking pictures at a closer distance than the camera lens alone will allow. |
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| A lens covered with a very thin layer of transparent material that reduces the amount of light reflected by the surface of the lens. A coated lens is faster (transmits more light) than an uncoated lens. |
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| Kodak's patented flip-up flash mechanism that creates distance between the flash and the lens to reduce red-eye; flash is located on the end of hinged lever that covers the lens when closed, and flips up to switch on the camera and deploy the flash. Also called Flip-up Flash. |
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| How a color film reproduces the colors of a scene. Color films are made to be exposed by light of a certain color quality such as daylight or tungsten. Color balance also refers to the reproduction of colors in color prints, which can be altered during the printing process. |
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| Better known as chrominance signal-to-noise ratio. A measure of how accurately the color signals are reproduced. Poor chroma signal-to-noise ratios are evidenced in color fringing on edges of objects and what appears to be thousands of moving dots in large areas of highly saturated colors (especially red). |
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| The playback output level of the color (chrominance) signal after it is separated from the luminence signal. As with RF output, a low performing tape can lose color resolution due to increased percentage of noise. |
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| The pleasing arrangement of the elements within a scene-the main subject, the foreground and background, and supporting subjects. |
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| An enlarger with a sharp, undiffused light that produces high contrast and high definition in a print. Scratches and blemishes in the negative are emphasized. |
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| A print made by exposing photographic paper while it is held tightly against the negative. Images in the print will be the same size as those in the negative. |
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| The range of difference in the light to dark areas of a negative, print, or slide (also called density); the brightness range of a subject or the scene lighting. |
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| A device used for contact-printing that consists of a lighttight box with an internal light source and a printing frame to position the negative against the photographic paper in front of the light. |
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| Numbers (usually 1-5) and names (soft, medium, hard, extra-hard, and ultrahard) of the contrast grades of photographic papers, to enable you to get good prints from negatives of different contrasts. Use a low-numbered or soft contrast paper with a high contrast negative to get a print that most closely resembles the original scene. Use a high-numbered or an extra-hard paper with a low-contrast negative to get a normal contrast paper. |
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| Higher-than-normal contrast including very bright and dark areas. The range of density in a negative or print is higher than it was in the original scene. |
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| Printing only part of the image that is in the negative or slide, usually for a more pleasing composition. May also refer to the framing of the scene in the viewfinder. |
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| A lighttight area used for processing films and for printing and processing papers; also for loading and unloading film holders and some cameras. |
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| A circular, rotating disk at the end of Advanced Photo System film cassettes that functions as a circular bar code, communicating the film speed, type and exposure length through a sequence of reflective bars to an optical sensor in the camera. |
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| A fully automatic flash that works only with specific cameras. Dedicated flash units automatically set the proper flash sync speed and lens aperture, and electronic sensors within the camera automatically control exposure by regulating the amount of light from the flash. |
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| The clarity of detail in a photograph. |
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| An instrument used for measuring the optical density of an area in a negative or print. |
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| The blackness of an area in a negative or print that determines the amount of light that will pass through it or reflect from it. Sometimes referred to as contrast. |
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| The amount of distance between the nearest and farthest objects that appear in acceptably sharp focus in a photograph. Depth of field depends on the lens opening, the focal length of the lens, and the distance from the lens to the subject. |
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| The distance range over which the film could be shifted at the film plane inside the camera and still have the subject appear in sharp focus; often misused to mean depth of field. |
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| A solution used to turn the latent image into a visible image on exposed films or photographic papers. |
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| A lighttight container used for processing film. |
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| Lens opening. A perforated plate or adjustable opening mounted behind or between the elements of a lens used to control the amount of light that reaches the film. Openings are usually calibrated in f-numbers. |
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| Lighting that is low or moderate in contrast, such as on an overcast day. |
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| Softening detail in a print with a diffusion disk or other material that scatters light. |
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| Diffusion-Condenser Enlarger |
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| An enlarger that combines diffuse light with a condenser system, producing more contrast and sharper detail than a diffusion enlarger but less contrast and blemish emphasis than a condenser enlarger. |
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| An enlarger that scatters light before it strikes the negative, distributing light evenly on the negative. Detail is not as sharp as with a condenser enlarger; negative blemishes are minimized. |
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| Holding back the image-forming light from a part of the image projected on an enlarger easel during part of the basic exposure time to make that area of the print lighter. |
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| Two pictures taken on one frame of film, or two images printed on one piece of photographic paper. |
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| Film cassette loading feature in all Advanced Photo System cameras that virtually eliminates film-loading problems by automatically accepting the leaderless cassette and thrusting the film forward to the first unexposed frame without any user intervention. |
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| Those black or white streaks, spots, and comets zipping across the screen. We count as dropouts any loss of playback signal that is 20 decibels or more below the nominal playback level (16 decibels for extra high-grade and 8mm tapes) and lasting for 15 microseconds or longer (about one quarter of one horizontal scan on the TV screen). |
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| Electrical coding system employed in 35 mm format film that communicates film speed, type and exposure length to the camera. |
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