Term
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Definition
GRANITE
Coarse-grained: Intrusive Igneous Rock/Plutonic Rock
Lighter colour: Acidic Rock
Grain types: Feldspar (pink), Quartz (milky white), Mica (Black) |
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Term
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Definition
RHYOLITE
Fine-grained: Extrusive Igneous Rock/Volcanic Rock
Lighter colour: Acidic Rock
Milky-white colour: Made of Quartz |
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Term
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Definition
TUFF
Fine-grained: Extrusive Igneous Rock/Volcanic Rock
Lighter colour: Acidic Rock |
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Term
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Definition
GABBRO
Coarse-grained: Intrusive Igneous Rock/Plutonic Rock
Darker colour: Basic Rock |
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Term
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Definition
PUMICE
Fine-grained: Extrusive Igneous Rock/Volcanic Rock
Lighter colour: Acidic Rock
Porous texture: Release of gases during cooling |
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Term
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Definition
OBSIDIAN
Fine-grained: Extrusive Igneous Rock/Volcanic Rock
Lighter colour: Acidic Rock
Glassy texture and translucent surface: Absence of individual mineral crystals (very rapid cooling) |
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Term
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Definition
BASALT
Fine-grained: Extrusive Igneous Rock/Volcanic Rock
Darker colour: Basic Rock
Dark green colour |
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Term
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Definition
CONGLOMERATE
Rounded rock fragments cemented together: Clastic sedimentary rock |
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Term
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Definition
BRECCIA
Angular rock fragments cemented together: Clastic sedimentary rock |
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Term
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Definition
SANDSTONE
Medium-grained quartz particles (sand) cemented together: Clastic sedimentary rock |
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Term
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Definition
SILTSTONE
Fine-grained particles (silt) cemented together: Clastic sedimentary rock |
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Term
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Definition
SHALE
Fine-grained particles (clay) cemented together: Clastic sedimentary rock |
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Term
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Definition
ROCK SALT
Coarse-grained: Chemically-formed non-clastic sedimentary rock
Evaporation from salt water body |
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Term
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Definition
GYPSUM/p>
Coarse-grained: Chemically-formed non-clastic sedimentary rock
Long fibrous texture: Gypsum
Chemical precipitation of calcium sulphate
Found in mineral-rich solutions (water from hot springs) |
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Term
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Definition
PEAT
Partially altered plant material
First stage in coal formation |
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Term
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Definition
LIGNITE/BROWN COAL
Formed by burying and compressing dead vegetation: Non-clastic sedimentary rock |
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Term
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Definition
BITUMINOUS COAL/BLACK COAL
Formed by burying and compressing dead vegetation: Non-clastic sedimentary rock |
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Term
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Definition
CHALK
Formed from remains of shells and skeletons of marine organisms
Tiny particles of calcium carbonate
Non-clastic sedimentary rock |
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Term
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Definition
LIMESTONE
Formed from remains of shells and skeletons of marine organisms
Tiny particles of calcium carbonate
Non-clastic sedimentary rock |
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Term
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Definition
SLATE
Foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by regional/dynamic metamorphosis
Fine-grained: Slate
Metamorphosed from shale, siltstone, mudstone |
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Term
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Definition
PHYLLITE
Foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by regional/dynamic metamorphosis
Fine-grained: Phyllite
Metamorphosed from slate |
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Term
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Definition
SCHIST
Foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by regional/dynamic metamorphosis
Medium-to-coarse-grained: Schist Metamorphosed from phyllite |
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Term
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Definition
GNEISS
Foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by regional/dynamic metamorphosis
Coarse-grained: Gneiss Metamorphosed from granite or schist |
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Term
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Definition
ANTHRACITE
Non-foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by contact/thermal metamorphosis
Fine-grained: Anthracite
Metamorphosed from bituminous coal |
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Term
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Definition
QUARTZITE
Non-foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by contact/thermal metamorphosis
Medium-grained: quartzite
Metamorphosed from sandstone |
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Term
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Definition
MARBLE
Non-foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by contact/thermal metamorphosis
Medium-grained: marble
Metamorphosed from limestone |
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