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Phonetics
Test 3
44
Communication
Undergraduate 3
04/05/2012

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the three levels of Prosody?
Definition
1. Intonation
2. Loudness
3. Tempo
Term
What are the three levels of Paralinguistics?
Definition
1. Emotion
2. Voice quality
3. Speaking Style
Term
The distribution of various levels of stress across a syllable chain
Definition
Rhythm
Term
The degree of prominence associated with a particular syllable.
Definition
Stress
Term
English is stress-timed and ____________ structured in relation to the stressed syllables in an utterance
Definition
Temporally
Term
Rhythm is important to the understanding of speech because it....
Definition
helps to predict upcoming info.
Term
Stress on a particular syllable in a word; contrasts a compound noun with a noun phrase.
Definition
Lexical Stress
Term
Vocal pitch falls across clauses or sentences.
Definition
Pitch Declination
Term
The pitch begins ____________ on the first words of a sentence.
Definition
high
Term
Pitch declination and Phrase-final lengthening helps listeners recognize...
Definition
major syntactic groupings of words.
Term
New information is spoken with a ____________ of the critical word and a higher fundamental frequency.
Definition
lengthening
Term
Uses stress to mark a word, phrase, or clause that contradicts or contrasts with one that was previously started or implied in the discourse.
Definition
Contrastive Stress
Term
Words receiving contrastive stress have a ____________ duration, a ____________ fundamental frequency, and a ____________ intensity.
Definition
longer
higher
greater
Term
Denotes the regulation of fundamental frequency to produce contrasts; part of the phonemic structure used to distinguish words.
Definition
Tone
Term
Tempo includes ____________, ____________, and ____________.
Definition
Pause
Lengthening
Speaking Rate
Term
____________ affects tempo
Definition
Rhythm
Term
The assignment of meaning to words as they are heard.
Definition
Parsing
Term
Used by infants in the babbling stages of development.
Definition
Final syllable lengthening
Term
T/F: As speaking rate increases, the durations of the components of speech necessarily get smaller.
Definition
True - Speaking Rate
Term
The perceived magnitude or strength of sound
Definition
Loudness
Term
The reduction in the articulatory movements for a particular sound.
Definition
Undershoot
Term
____________ can especially be produced at rapid speaking rates.
Definition
Vowels
Term
Children use ____________ characteristics of a language before they master the ____________ aspects.
Definition
Prosodic
Segmental
Term
Prosodic structure provides a structure for the....
Definition
phonetic interpretation of adult utterances.
Term
The ____________ is necessary unit to describe stress patterns and the phonetic characteristics of larger units.
Definition
Syllable
Term
Auditory "force" upon the ear.
Definition
Sonority
Term
Has a loosely specified internal structure and an auditory impact in the flow of speech
Definition
Syllable**
Term
A syllable is made up of a ____________ and a ____________.
Definition
Onset
Rhyme
Term
A rhyme is made up of a ____________ and a ____________.
Definition
Onset
Nucleus
Term
Sonority is a ____________ feature meaning the sounds have degrees of sonority.
Definition
scalar, not binary
Term
____________ are usually the sonorant crests because they are the most sonorant of all sounds.
Definition
Vowels, but consonants can occur as crests.
Term
Anger-
Vocal Fundamental Frequency:
Vocal Intensity:
Tempo:
Definition
increase
increase
moderate increase
Term
Fear-
Vocal Fundamental Frequency:
Vocal Intensity:
Tempo:
Definition
moderate increase
moderate increase
moderate increase
Term
Grief/Sorrow/Depression
Vocal Fundamental Frequency:
Vocal Intensity:
Tempo:
Definition
Moderate decrease
moderate decrease
moderate decrease
Term
Pause duration ____________ with the complexity of a communicative tasks.
Definition
increases
Term
Pause are ____________ in explanations than in descriptions.
Definition
longer
Term
Pause durations consistently ____________ under anxiety.
Definition
increase
Term
Social Interaction variables that affect pauses are: (3)
Definition
1. The presence of an audience
2. the absence of an audience
3. audience sensitivity
Term
T/F: Individuals adjust their style to communicative setting
Definition
True
Term
The kind of speech that is used in a deliberate attempt to increase intelligibility or understanding
Definition
Clear speech
Term
The production of sound is influenced by other sounds around it.
Definition
Coarticulation
Term
Diacritic marks are used in ____________ transcription.
Definition
Narrow
Term
Represent a brief sound that precedes the main symbol in a transcription.
Definition
Onglide
Term
Fronting applies to place of ____________ articulation.
Definition
Consonant
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