Pleads someone's cause or act on someone's behalf, with a focus on developing the community, system, individual, or family's capacity to plead their own cause or act on their own behalf.....OR

Support, recommend, or plead for someone, a family, system, or community to empower them to act on their own behalf.

Commits two or more persons or organizations to achieve a common goal through enhancing the capacity of one or more of the members to promote and protect health...OR

When two or more individuals and or organizations work together toward a common goal (in PHN to promote and protect community health).

Helps community groups to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching the goals they collectively have set...OR

When community members come together to promote the interests of their community. (In PHN  this involves issues that promote and protect the communities health).

Promotes and develops alliances among organizations or constituencies for a common purpose.  It builds linkages, solves problems, and/or enhances local leadership to address health concerns....OR

Build a temporary alliance to achieve a common goal or good.  KEY WORDS:  builds LINKAGES, PROBLEM SOLVES, and ENHANCES ability to address health issues.

Establishes an interpersonal relationship with a community, a system, family or individual intended to increase or enhance their capacity for self-care and coping.  Counseling engages the community, a system, family or individual at emotional level....OR

Engages the client (individual, family, system, community) at the emotional level to enhance their ability to cope and perform self-care.

Communicates facts, ideas and skills that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities....OR

In PHN, health teaching is directed toward influencing behavior that promotes, maintains, and or restores health to the client (individual, family, system, community).

Identifies individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease conditions in populations through tests or questions.

Think "secondary" prevention.

Utilizes commercial marketing principles and technologies for programs designed to influence the knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of the population-of-interest...OR

Activities amied at changing people's behavior for the benefit of individuals and society.

Think brochures on smoking cessation, elder abuse, etc.

Describes and monitors health events through ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data for the purpose of planning, implementing, and evaluating public health interventions...OR

In PH, health surveillance is the CONTINUOUS, SYSTEMATIC, COLLECTION, ANALYSIS, and INTERPRETATION of health data used for PLANNING, IMPLEMENTING, and EVALUATING PH practice.

Case-Finding locates individuals and families with the most identified risks and connects them to available resources. Case-finding is a one-to-one intervention and, therefore, operates only at the individual/family level. Thus it serves as the individual/family level of intervention for surveillance, disease and other health event investigation, and outreach...OR

Case finding is a form of screening (secondary prevention) that targets individuals or groups suspected to at risk for a particular disease such as TB or HIV.  It does NOT wait for people to present with symptoms, instead it is a proactive screening approach.

Both promotes health and protects against threats to health. It keeps problems from occurring in the first place.

Examples:  vaccines prevent disease, exercise prevents risk for heart disease and diabetes

Whenever possible PH programs emphasize primary prevention.

Implemented after a problem has begun, but before signs and symptoms appear. It targets populations that have risk factors in common. Secondary prevention detects and treats problems early, such as screening for home safety and correcting hazards before an injury occurs.

Examples: Screening for STIs or BP

Keeps existing problems from getting worse, for instance, collaborating with health care providers to assure periodic examinations to prevent complications of diabetes such as blindness, renal disease failure, and limb amputation

Example: Teaching to prevent complications from an existing chronic health problem such as diabetic foot inspection…

The primary mission of public health is (just as its name suggests), to protect and promote the physical and mental health of the society, the public. Public health focuses on health promotion and disease prevention by promoting healthy lifestyles (where we live, learn, work and play.)

Assessment includes the systematic collection of data on the population, the identification and observation of health problems and the dissemination of the available information.

Examples: (community assessment, determining health service needs, identifying threats to health, identifying assets)

Policy development involves providing leadership and advocacy in the development of policies to promote and protect the health of the population. The goal is for all policies to be based on accurate and current scientific data. 

Examples: (participating in community dev efforts, part in health ed with schools, churches, workplaces, providing accessible health info)

Assurance is monitoring that essential public health services and personnel are available for populations.

Examples: (enforcing sanitation cods, protecting water supplies, providing animal control services, monitoring quality of care)

Used to describe the concept of public health. It is preventing problems at the source so that you don’t have to try to fix them downriver.

The US healthcare system spends a tremendous amount of money rescuing individuals from drowning by providing them with tertiary health care. This throwing of the life preserver is providing assistance or care after a problem has already occurred. Public health tends to focus upstream by working to prevent more victims from falling into the raging river in the first place. Walking upstream and attempting to determine the source of the problem is the primary focus.

The Health People 2020 five key domains are in BOLD
1. Economic Stability
• Poverty
• Employment
• Food Security
• Housing Stability
2. Education
• High School Graduation
• Enrollment in Higher Education
• Language and Literacy
• Early Childhood Education and Development
3. Health and Health Care
• Access to Health Care
• Access to Primary Care
• Health Literacy
4. Neighborhood and Built Environment
• Access to Healthy Foods
• Quality of Housing
• Crime and Violence
• Environmental Conditions
5. Social and Community Context
• Social Cohesion
• Civic Participation
• Perceptions of Discrimination and Equity
• Incarceration/ Institutionalization

Public health nursing is the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences.

Public health nursing is a specialty practice within nursing and public health. It focuses on improving population health by emphasizing prevention, and attending to multiple determinants of health.

Often used interchangeably with community health nursing, this nursing practice includes advocacy, policy development, and planning, which addresses issues of social justice. 

Comprehensive community assessment: The ideal.  It looks at all aspects of the community (time, money, and people resources are challenging requirements for this type of assessment)

Problem oriented, community assessment: Looks at risk and protective fators that influence the identified problem.  Example:  Alachua county has an increase in teen pregnancies - problem oriented assessment would focus on teen pregnancy prevention

Familiarization assessment: This assessment is critical for PHN.  It involves the familiarization with multiple determinants of health that impact the population with which they work.  This assessment must be continually performed and ongoing in nature. It would include data from vital statists and the like.

WHAT ARE THE COMPONANTS OF THE "COMMUNITY AS PARTNER ASSESSMENT WHEEL"

Be able to provide information that should be collected under each "subsystem"

The center = "community core"

8 Subsystems:

Physical environment

Health & Social Services

Economics

Safety & Transportation

Politics & Government

Communication

Education

Recreation

Community Core

Recreation

Physical Environment

Education

Saftey & Transportation

Politics & Government

Health & Social Services

Communication

Economics