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| According to Locke, qualities (ideas produced in the mind by an object) that resemble the object that produced them. Primary qualities include solidity, extension, figure, motion or rest, and number |
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| The doctrine that the only things that can be known to exist are ideas |
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| Pantheist - the idea that since God alone truly is, everything must in some sense be God or a part of God. Thought we could achieve exact knowledge of reality if we followed the methods that had proben so successful in geometry |
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| Wanted to avoid conflict and war at all costs. Mind is endowed from birth with certain ideas and principles. Ideas of refelction and sensation. Simple and complex ideas. Primary and secondary qualities. |
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| Spinoza's idea that everything must in some sense be God or be a part of jGod |
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| According to Locke, ideas the mind gets directly from sensation and reflection |
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| "I think, therefore I am" |
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| Sums up Descartes' philosophy |
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| Agreed with locke that materials of our knowledge are ideas, ideas of sensation and reflection formed by memory and imagination. Ideas exist in yiur mind soul and spirit. |
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| Founder of utilitarianism. Principle of utility maintains that there is only one way to determine whether something is right or wrong, good or bad, and this is by considering its uswefulness or utility in bringing about pleasant results. An action is right if it brings about more happiness than any other possible action; it is wrong if some other possible action could have produced more happiness. |
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| discovered a new mthod of securing knowledge which began with very simple and clear ideas whose truth the mind was capable of apprehending directly and knowing with absolute certainty and distinctness. The mind achieved the first truths by intuition. Four principles. Radical skeptic and doubting everything. doubted senses and memory. "I think therefore I am" Dualism |
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| According to Locke, qualities (ideas produced in the mind by an object) that do not resemble the object that produced them. Secondary qualities include color, taste, sound, heat, and cold. |
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| evaluates the rightness or wrongness of a proposed action by the results that will issue from them. |
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| Any theory that evaluates the rightness or wrongness of proposed actions in accordance with whether or not they conform to certain principles one feels bound to obey or follow regardless of their consequences. |
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| Bentham's moral principle that only those actions, practices, and codes of law are worthy that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number. |
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| According to Kant, a strictly moral imperative that commands us to act purely from a sense of duty, following the dictates of reason rather than inclination or desire. |
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| A commandment of reason that applies only conditionally: Kant divides hypothetical imperatives into two subcategories: the rules of skill and the counsels of prudence. The rules of skill are conditional and are specific to each and every person to which the skill is mandated by. The counsels of prudence (or rules of prudence) are attained a priori (unlike the rules of skill which are attained via experience, or a posteriori) and have universal goals such as happiness. Thus, almost any moral "rule" about how to act is hypothetical, because it assumes that your goal is to be moral, or to be happy, or to please God, etc. The only non-hypothetical imperatives are ones which tell you to do something no matter who you are or what you want, because the thing is good in itself. |
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| the view-held by Locke, Berkely, and Hume- that experience is the primary source of knowledge and that the proper test of trusth is external: Ideas are true if they correspond to what we find in the external world. |
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| According to Locke, ideas that are formed from the repition, comparison, or combination o simple ideas derived from sensation and reflection. Locke identified three kinds of comiplex ideas: modes, relations, and substances. |
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| View of causation - determination. Believes every event has a cause and no cause without an event. |
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| According to Aristotle, those qualities tied to our character including courage, modesty, and temperance that deal with our ability to check our appetites and passions so that they will obey the rules recognized as good |
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| Principle of universality |
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| Kant's fundamental moral principle that one should act only in a manner that he or she would will that all others act |
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| The view that the proper end of human activity is only pleasure or happiness |
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| Intrinsic vs. Instrumental Goods |
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| The view - by Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz - that reason alone is capable of arriving at a true knowledge of reality and that the test of truth is intuition: "the absence of doubt in the unclouded and attentive mind" |
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| The mind and the body being two separate things which act together to eform a phenomena of knowledge |
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| According to Aristotle, those qualities tied to our intelligence - including prudence, foresight, and wisdom that deal with our ability to discover and recognize the rules of life we ought to follow. |
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| Disciple of Bentham. Studied philosophy since age 12 and government and the idea of liberties |
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