Term
| Who did we study for Quiz 2? |
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Definition
Plato
MLK
Rawls
Robert Nozick |
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Term
Plato
MLK
Rawls
Robert Nozick |
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Definition
| Who did we study for Quiz 2? |
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Term
| Who are big names associated with Social Contract Theory? |
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Definition
Plato
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
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Term
Plato
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
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Definition
| Who are big names associated with Social Contract Theory? |
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Term
| What is Socrates Argument For Social Contract Theory? (Subjective Standard) |
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Definition
Socrates
49b: It is bad and shameful to do injustice, always. (Assuming there are no exceptions)
So you should never do what is unjust. (Assuming there are no exceptions to the rule)
49e: It is always unjust to break just agreements (assuming they are)
51d-e: Socrates has implicitly promised to obey all the laws of Athens (Is not objecting the same as accepting)
51c: This Promise Is Just (Counter: What About When He Refused to Kill an Innocent?)
If Socrates Escapes From Prison, He breaks the law
Socrates should not escape from prison |
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Term
Socrates
49b: It is bad and shameful to do injustice, always. (Assuming there are no exceptions)
So you should never do what is unjust. (Assuming there are no exceptions to the rule)
49e: It is always unjust to break just agreements (assuming they are)
51d-e: Socrates has implicitly promised to obey all the laws of Athens (Is not objecting the same as accepting)
51c: This Promise Is Just (Counter: What About When He Refused to Kill an Innocent?)
If Socrates Escapes From Prison, He breaks the law
Socrates should not escape from prison |
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Definition
| What is Socrates Argument For Social Contract Theory? (Subjective Standard) |
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Term
| What is King’s Argument Regarding Law and Justice? (Objective Standard) |
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Definition
Unjust law is not a law at all
A law is just when and only when it
Uplifts the human personality (What Uplifts Human Personality?)
Has to be consistent with moral law or the law of God (What is Moral Law or The Law of God?)
Must be rooted in eternal and natural law
Must be created by the majority but must be followed by everyone
Segregation degrades the human personality
Segregation laws are unjust and therefore is not a law (from 2 and 3)
We should obey the law, but we should not obey unjust laws because they are not laws. |
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Term
Unjust law is not a law at all
A law is just when and only when it
Uplifts the human personality (What Uplifts Human Personality?)
Has to be consistent with moral law or the law of God (What is Moral Law or The Law of God?)
Must be rooted in eternal and natural law
Must be created by the majority but must be followed by everyone
Segregation degrades the human personality
Segregation laws are unjust and therefore is not a law (from 2 and 3)
We should obey the law, but we should not obey unjust laws because they are not laws. |
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Definition
| What is King’s Argument Regarding Law and Justice? (Objective Standard) |
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Term
| Who Talks On Uplifting The Human Personality? |
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Definition
MLK
Reinhold Niebuhr
Paul Trillich |
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Term
MLK
Reinhold Niebuhr
Paul Trillich |
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Definition
| Who Talks On Uplifting The Human Personality? |
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Term
| Define The Original Position (Rawls) |
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Definition
It is a model of a fair position in which there are no biases/imbalances.
A purely hypothetical situation characterized so as to lead to a certain conception of justice.
Those within the model have knowledge of general facts about human society and human psychology as well as rational self-interest. |
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Term
It is a model of a fair position in which there are no biases/imbalances.
A purely hypothetical situation characterized so as to lead to a certain conception of justice.
Those within the model have knowledge of general facts about human society and human psychology as well as rational self-interest. |
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Definition
| Define The Original Position (Rawls) |
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Term
| What Were The Steps To (Rawls) Two-Step Theory? |
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Definition
Establish an interpretation of an initial choice situation without bias (aka The Original Position)
Determine a Set of Principles, which is argued, those in the original position would agree to. |
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Term
Establish an interpretation of an initial choice situation without bias (aka The Original Position)
Determine a Set of Principles, which is argued, those in the original position would agree to. |
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Definition
| What Were The Steps To (Rawls) Two-Step Theory? |
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Term
| Define The Basic Structure of Society (Rawls) |
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Definition
| Refers to the major political, economic, and social institutions that distribute fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social cooperation. |
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Term
| Refers to the major political, economic, and social institutions that distribute fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social cooperation. |
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Definition
| Define The Basic Structure of Society (Rawls) |
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Term
| Define The Veil of Ignorance (Rawls) |
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Definition
| Device for ensuring that no one has a bias in the original position |
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Term
| Device for ensuring that no one has a bias in the original position |
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Definition
| Define The Veil of Ignorance (Rawls) |
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Term
| Define Natural Chance (Rawls) |
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Definition
Uncontrollable natural biases including:
Genetic Predisposition
Biological Sex (Gender)
Race
Family
Sexual Orientation
Disabilities |
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Term
Uncontrollable natural biases including:
Genetic Predisposition
Biological Sex (Gender)
Race
Family
Sexual Orientation
Disabilities |
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Definition
| Define Natural Chance (Rawls) |
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Term
| Define Contingency of Social Circumstance (Rawls) |
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Definition
Social biases that you are not necessarily born with
Residence
Religion
Education Levels
Social Upbringing and Quality of Care
Wealth
Relationships With Others (Social Capital)
Language
Personal Biases
Political Biases |
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Term
Social biases that you are not necessarily born with
Residence
Religion
Education Levels
Social Upbringing and Quality of Care
Wealth
Relationships With Others (Social Capital)
Language
Personal Biases
Political Biases |
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Definition
| Define Contingency of Social Circumstance (Rawls) |
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Term
| Define The Difference Principle (Rawls) |
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Definition
Social and economic inequality is to be arranged so that it is both:
i.Reasonable to everyone's advantage
ii.Everyone must be open to all opportunities |
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Term
Social and economic inequality is to be arranged so that it is both:
i.Reasonable to everyone's advantage
ii.Everyone must be open to all opportunities |
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Definition
| Define The Difference Principle (Rawls) |
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Term
| What are Rawls Two Principles of Justice? |
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Definition
1. Maximum Liberty: equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others.
2. The Difference Principle |
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Term
1. Maximum Liberty: equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others.
2. The Difference Principle |
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Definition
| What are Rawls Two Principles of Justice? |
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Term
| Define Reflective Equilibrium |
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Definition
| is a state of balance or coherence among a set of beliefs arrived at by a process of deliberative mutual adjustment among general principles and particular judgments |
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Term
| Define Welfare System (Rawls) |
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Definition
| A system that exists to prevent the least well off from becoming miserable, by taxing the best well off |
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Term
| A system that exists to prevent the least well off from becoming miserable, by taxing the best well off |
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Definition
| Define Welfare System (Rawls) |
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Term
| is a state of balance or coherence among a set of beliefs arrived at by a process of deliberative mutual adjustment among general principles and particular judgments |
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Definition
| Define Reflective Equilibrium |
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Term
| Define Historical Principle of Justice (Nozick) |
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Definition
| Whether a distribution of goods is just, is dependent on how it came about. |
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Term
| Whether a distribution of goods is just, is dependent on how it came about. |
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Definition
| Define Historical Principle of Justice (Nozick) |
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Term
| Examples of End-State Principles of Justice |
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Definition
Rawls
Egalitarian Views
Utilitarian Views |
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Term
Rawls
Communist Views
Utilitarian Views |
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Definition
| Examples of End-State Principles of Justice |
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Term
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Definition
| the doctrine that an action is right insofar as it promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct |
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Term
| the doctrine that an action is right insofar as it promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct |
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Definition
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Term
| Define End-State Principles of Justice (Nozick) |
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Definition
| Whether a distribution of goods is just depends upon the structure of the distribution |
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Term
| Whether a distribution of goods is just depends upon the structure of the distribution |
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Definition
| Define End-State Principles of Justice (Nozick) |
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Term
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Definition
| is a trend of thought that favors equality for all people |
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Term
| is a trend of thought that favors equality for all people |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an extreme laissez-faire political philosophy advocating only minimal state intervention in the lives of citizens. |
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Term
| an extreme laissez-faire political philosophy advocating only minimal state intervention in the lives of citizens. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. |
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Term
| advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of Historical Principles of Justice |
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Definition
Nozick's Libertarianism
Socialism |
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Term
Nozick's Libertarianism
Socialism |
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Definition
| Examples of Historical Principles of Justice |
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Term
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Definition
| End-State Principles ignore whether individuals deserve their share of goods, which makes them unjust and unfair. |
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Term
| End-State Principles ignore whether individuals deserve their share of goods, which makes them unjust and unfair. |
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Definition
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Term
| How Does Nozick Breakdown the Wilt Chamberlain Example? |
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Definition
*Contract:
Chamberlain gets 25 cents from each ticket
*Voluntary Transactions:
Lots of people attend the games
*Resulting Distribution:
Wilt gets $250,000 |
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Term
*Contract:
Chamberlain gets 25 cents from each ticket
*Voluntary Transactions:
Lots of people attend the games
*Resulting Distribution:
Wilt gets $250,000 |
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Definition
| How Does Nozick Breakdown the Wilt Chamberlain Example? |
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Term
| What is Just in Nozick's View? |
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Definition
| If the resulting distribution came about through informed voluntary transactions assuming that the initial distribution was just, then it is a just distribution. |
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Term
| If the resulting distribution came about through informed voluntary transactions assuming that the initial distribution was just, then it is a just distribution. |
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Definition
| What is Just in Nozick's View? |
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Term
| Define Theory of Just Transfer (Nozick) |
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Definition
| If you have an initial just distribution of goods, and people make informed voluntary transactions, then the the resulting distribution is just. |
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Term
| If you have an initial just distribution of goods, and people make informed voluntary transactions, then the the resulting distribution is just. |
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Definition
| Define Theory of Just Transfer (Nozick) |
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Term
| What is John Locke's Theory for Ownership? (Nozick) |
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Definition
| An un-owned good is justly acquired by a person when that person mixes their labor with that good. |
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Term
| An un-owned good is justly acquired by a person when that person mixes their labor with that good. |
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Definition
| What is John Locke's Theory for Ownership? (Nozick) |
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Term
| Argument(s) against Nozick |
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Definition
| *Volunteer transactions from a just initial distribution can still end with an unjust distribution if one with all the power takes advantage of it. |
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Term
| *Volunteer transactions from a just initial distribution can still end with an unjust distribution if one with all the power takes advantage of it. |
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Definition
| Argument(s) against Nozick |
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Term
| Another Definition of Reflective Equilibrium |
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Definition
| When principles and judgments coincide thanks to reflection upon considered convictions and the procedure or "original position" by questioning discrepancies between the three elements. Consistency within beliefs through fair procedures and just convictions about justice. |
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Term
| When principles and judgments coincide thanks to reflection upon considered convictions and the procedure or "original position" by questioning discrepancies between the three elements. Consistency within beliefs through fair procedures and just convictions about justice. |
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Definition
| Another Definition of Reflective Equilibrium |
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Term
| What are the three levels of Reflective Equilibrium? |
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Definition
1.) Considered convictions about justice
2.) Procedure
3.) Outcome |
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Term
1.) Considered convictions about justice
2.) Procedure
3.) Outcome |
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Definition
| What are the three levels of Reflective Equilibrium? |
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