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| the claim that one God created the world and sustains it while transcending it. |
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| the claim that belief in God must be supported by objective evidence. |
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| the project of attempting to provide proofs for the existence of God based on reason and experience alone. |
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| the claim that God does not exist. |
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| the claim that there is not enough evidence for us to know whether God does or does not exist; sometimes called religious skepticism. |
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| the claim that it is not rationally required to have objective, rational evidence for our basic beliefs and stance toward life. |
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| the claim that religious belief must be based on faith alone and cannot be justified by appeal to either objective or subjective reasons. |
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| the claim that becuase the world contains things whose existence was caused, there necessarily had to be a First Cause of the entire series. |
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| Principle of Sufficient Reason |
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| the principle that everything that exists must have a reason that explains why it exists and why it has the properties that it does. |
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| a being whose existence depends on something outside itself, such that neither its existence not its nonexistence is logically necessary. |
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| a being who contains the reason for its existence within its own nature. |
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| the argument for God's existence based on the evidence of design in the world. |
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| the argument for God's existence based on reason. |
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| One of the founders of the Cosmological argument and the First Cause Argument. |
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| large proponent of the Cosmological argument by was of principle of sufficient reason. |
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| proponent of the teleological argument with his analogy of the rock and the watch. |
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| against William Paley's teleological argument. |
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| proponent of the ontological argument, because he can conceive God, God exists. |
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| the Wager and a proponent of a pragmatic justification of God. |
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| believed it was OK to base decisions off faith when the decision was living, forced and momentous. |
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| fideist that believed faith should be the principle reason behind our belief. The greatest truth was whatever we believed most passionately. |
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| believer in the Greater Good defense of theodicy. |
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| Thus, eve set herself up as the ultimate judge between the words of God and Satan. The most foundational idea of non-Christian thought is the idea of human autonomy. This is the essence of sin--mankind's rebellion against recognizing his dependence on God and instead asserting his independence. Sin is to seek to be God. Ever since, fallen humanity asserts that all things must be measured by man himself. Man is the ultimate judge of all things, independent of God and what God has revealed. Man will determine for himself the significance and purpose of his life. The noetic effects of sin |
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| a branch of theology which deals w/ establishing a defense of the Christian faith against attacks on its beliefs |
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| apologetics greek root and def |
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| Man as created in the image of God means man is able to think and reason properly. That is, Adam knew the Creator/creature distinction. Even tho finite (limited), man could kno truly, so long as it was based on wat God revealed |
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| Creator/creature distinction |
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| a 2 level concept of reality. There is an independent Creator (uncreated and eternal) and a completely dependent creation (temporal) |
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| beliefs about knowledge. Can we trust our senses? Is truth relative or must truth be the same for all rational beings? Is knowledge about God possible? |
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| proof, facts, and logic. faith through understanding. |
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| Eve was faced with a choice--who was trustworthy? God said, "You will die" while Satan said, "You won't die." Satan went even further--he said if Eve would eat the fruit, she would erase the Creator/creature distinction. Eve's biggest issue was that she took the revelation of the Creator (God) and put it on the same level as the created serpent's words |
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| importance of the Creator/creature distinction |
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| True knowledge only comes from God's knowledge as it is revealed to us. We could never know God unless he condescended and revealed Himself. Man's knowledge is dependent on God's revelation (general and special). |
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| beliefs about reality. Is the universe eternal? Finite? Is there purpose in the universe? Are miracles possible? Can one penetrate the universe? |
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| Scripture and faith based. faith before understanding. |
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| conflict between worldviews |
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| man redeemed by Christ. The cross as the way of salvation leads us away from the independence of human, sinful thought. Once a Christian, man realizes he is dependent on God's revelation for every aspect of his life. In order to think truly and act morally, man must be redeemed and made a new creature in Christ. We then view reality as God's world and we see God at work in His word. |
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| Rejecting the Creator/creature distinction--the dilemma |
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| Once u throw this out, man can never acquire true knowledge since he has declared his independence from God; that man, not God is the judge of all things. Man must wear 2 masks at the same time--absolute certainty and total uncertainty. Exposing this dilemma to the non-Christian is an important part of a Biblical defense of Christianity |
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| Results of rejecting the Creator/creature distinction |
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| The non-Christian can never reason consistently. There is always a fatal flaw in their thinking. The job of the Christian apologist is to find and point out (in love and w/ respect) this flaw. They alternate b/n statements of certainty and uncertainty, yet ea. R problematic. Wat about the Christian who affirms that God exists? Is he caught in this dilemma?? No. certainty exists because we reason dependently on God's revelation |
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| The Creator/creature distinction and ethics/who decides what is right and wrong |
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| Our morality is also dependent and we must again see the Creator/creature distinction. At the beginning, God said, "It is good." He has thus set Himself up as the only proper judge b/n good and evil. God thus defines what is good and what is not--how do we know His opinion on things? |
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| the noetic effects of sin |
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| Damaging effects of sin on the mind. Human autonomy |
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| systems of ideas that contain our most basic beliefs. through our worldview we interpret and judge reality |
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| A person who does not know if there is a God or not. |
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| A proof for the existence of God based on the idea that there is so much design and purpose in the universe that it could not have happened by accident; there has to have been a designer, God. Otherwise called the teleological argument. |
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| A person who believes that there is no God. |
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| Many scientists think that the universe began with an explosion from which everything that makes up the universe came into being. |
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| One of the qualities of God, showing concern for the sufferings of others; literally "suffering with". |
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| When two or more different ideas can be used together without problems or tension. |
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| When two or more ideas come together in harmony |
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| To do with the nature of the universe. Used in particular with the cosmological argument to explain the existence of all things. |
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| Named after Charles Darwin who pioneered the idea of evolution; the idea that creatures have gradually changed and adapted to suit the environment, "the survival of the fittest." |
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| The gaining of true knowledge, particularly in the Buddhist tradition, that frees a person from the cycle of rebirth by seeing what the truth about life really is. |
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| Without limits in time; outside time. |
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| The opposite of good. A force or a negative power that is seen in many traditions as destructive and against God. |
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| The process made popular by Charles Darwin that describes how simpler life-forms gradually changed and adapted to more complex life forms. |
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| A commitment to something that goes beyond proof and knowledge, especially used about God and religion |
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| Otherwise known as the cosmological argument. A proof for the existence of God based on the idea that there had to be an uncaused cause that made everything else happen otherwise there would be nothing now. |
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| The different ways in which people picture God. |
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| An argument to justify both the existence of a loving God and the existence of evil. It is based on the idea that what makes humans special is their ability to choose. For this to happen they have to live in a world in which things can, and do, go wrong. |
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| A person who believes in the basics of a religion, particularly believing that what is contained in a sacred text is an accurate, almost factual, record that cannot be questioned. |
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| The belief that God can be known by anybody who is prepared to accept the idea that through creation, eg nature, God shows his true nature. |
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| The state of eternal happiness in the presence of God that Christians believe will be granted to the faithful after this life. |
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| The idea that God is very close and is involved in what goes on in the world. He is not |
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| The idea that God is a force or abstract idea and cannot be described in human terms. |
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| A belief in Hinduism and Buddhism that a person's good and bad actions in this life and in previous lives contribute to the quality of future lives. |
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| A quality of God that stresses God's willingness to forgive the wrongdoer. |
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| The harm that results from a bad choice made by human beings misusing their free will. |
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| The harm or damage that is done to people and creation as a result of the forces of nature and the structure of the Earth. |
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| The qualities that combine to make up what God is. |
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| Some people, when they are close to death, claim to have had a sense of themselves leaving their bodies and seeing what exists beyond this life. |
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| The ideal place in which the faithful are rewarded for all eternity; a name used about heaven especially by Muslims. |
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| When used about God, the idea that God cares about the individual and is involved in the individual's life. |
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| Literally 'the love of wisdom'. The study of ideas and the nature of knowledge and existence. |
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| Evidence that guarantees the truth of something. |
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| Things as they truly are. |
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| In Buddhism, the belief that after this life there is a continuity into a new life form that is affected by the karma gained so far. |
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| The Hindu belief that after this life the soul moves on to a new, usually bodily, form. |
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| The Christian belief that Jesus rose from the dead and entered into eternal life and that all souls will join in this resurrection on the Last Day. |
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| God shows himself to believers; this is the only way anybody can really know anything about God |
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| The belief that suffering makes it possible for people to 'grow' into more mature individuals. |
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| God shows himself to an individual or group of individuals in a specifi c, direct way, as opposed to general revelation. |
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| The experience of something bad or painful. |
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| The belief that God is beyond space and time, and that there are no limitations on what he can do. |
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| To do with design or order, particularly the attempt to prove the existence of God by showing that there is design and order in the universe. |
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| A person who believes that there is a God who is directly involved in creation. |
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| Those matters that cannot easily be addressed but which affect the way most people respond to life, eg Is there a God? What happens after death, etc. |
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| Something that supports the truth of a statement or fact. |
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| Seeing something, especially in a dream or trance, that shows something about the nature of God or the afterlife. |
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