Term
| Locke's Definition of a Person |
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Definition
| x is a person dx, X is a thinking, intelligent being, that can think of itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in different times and places |
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Term
| State the soul theory and the issue of personal persistence |
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Definition
| Person A at t1 is numerically identical to B at t2 if and only if A and B have the same soul |
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Term
| State one bad solution (discussed in class) to the question of personal persistence |
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Definition
| Same matter solution. It is neither sufficient nor necessary; matter can always change. |
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Term
| Explain the difference between a mental property and a physical property: |
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Definition
| Mental property is private and you have a privileged access to them whereas Physical property is not private and you do not have privileged access to them. |
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Term
| What is Hard Materialism? |
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Definition
| Human persons are material objects and have mental states these are the same as (he put = sign so…?) physical states |
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Term
| What is Soft Materialism? |
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Definition
| Human persons are material objects, and mental states (they are not their, or they do not have) physical states. |
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Term
| What is Animalism? According to Annimalism, what is the relation that holds between human persons and animals? |
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Definition
| Animalism: Persons persist because of biological continuity; “we are animals” is the claim. According to animalism, human persons and animals are indistinguishable. |
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Term
| True or False: Animalism claims all human animals are persons |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Animalism claims all persons are animals. |
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Definition
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Term
| State Baker’s two desiderata for an adequate theory on human personhood. |
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Definition
→ human persons are a part of the natural order (produced and governed by natural processes).
→ human persons are ontologically unique (i.e., fundamental in an ontological inventory list) |
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Term
| What is Three-dimensionalism (3D) regarding identity over time? |
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Definition
| Objects persist by existing wholly present at different times. They are length, width, and depth |
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Term
| What is Four-dimensionalism (4D) regarding identity over time? |
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Definition
| Objects persist by having temporal parts at different times. |
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Term
| What is Hawley’s “happy-medium” theory (HM) regarding identity over time? |
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Definition
| There are type-identical objects existing at different times. Objects are not four-dimensional but are momentary, three-dimensional objects. |
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Term
| State the Categorical Imperative known as the “Formula of the End-in-Itself”. |
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Definition
| Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means but always at the same time as an end. |
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Term
| According to Kant, what does it mean to use someone as a “mere means”? |
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Definition
| To use someone as a mere means would be to involve them in an action to which they could not in principle consent. |
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Term
| What is Act Utilitarianism? |
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Definition
| The righteousness (or wrongness) of action is entirely determined by the total value (goodness/badness) of its consequences |
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Term
| What is the difference between hedonistic utilitarianism and ideal utilitarianism? |
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Definition
→ HU: pleasure is the measure of goodness whereas in
→ IU: there are intrinsic values aside from pleasure. |
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