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Philosophy midterm 2
Ohio State University Flashcards for Philosophy 1100
14
Philosophy
Undergraduate 2
11/15/2012

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Term
Substance Dualism
Definition
The philosophical idea that the mind or soul is a seperate being from the body.
Term
Compatibilism/Incompatibilism (Be able to say what the compatibilist says about
responsibility)
Definition
Compatibilism (or soft determinism) is the belief that free will and determinism are compatible ideas, and that it is possible to believe both without being logically inconsistent. Incompatibilists would say 1 of two things to a compatibilisist:
Term
Epiphenomenalism
Definition
the view that you have consciousness, but it is inert or inactive. Simply just there.
Term
Analysis
Definition
the way to figure out what something is, is to examine the definition of the word. EX: the way to understand the concept of a “bachelor” we examine bachelors for common traits.
Term
Empirical Reduction
Definition
a complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts, and that an account of it can be reduced to accounts of individual constituents.
Term
Behaviorism
Definition
the theory or doctrine that human or animal psychology can be accurately studied only through the examination and analysis of objectively observable and scientific behavioral events, in contrast with subjective mental states.
Term
Functionalism
Definition
mental states (beliefs, desires, being in pain, etc.) are constituted solely by their functional role — that is, they are causal relations to other mental states, sensory inputs, and behavioral outputs.
Term
type/token distinction
Definition
when it comes to identifying things, you can always do it at different levels. Ex: think of the words “sentence” how many letters are in that word? 8. Another answer is 5, (because there are 5 types of letters).
Term
Reification
Definition
the power of minds to be about, to represent, or to stand for, things, properties and states of affairs." The term refers to the ability of the mind to form representations and has nothing to do with intention.
Term
Hard Determinism
Definition
Everything in our physical world is determined by physical occurrences that happened only nanoseconds ago, and nanoseconds ago, on and on back to the beginning of time. All in all, we don’t really control anything. The only way to make sense of free will is to do something you aren’t determined to do, which is impossible.
Term
Libertarian Free Will
Definition
you can make choices that change how physical events unfold
Term
Responsibility/ “Ought implies can”
Definition
– the idea that you can only be held responsible for something if you could have done otherwise.
Term
Physicalism
Definition
everything which exists is no more extensive than its physical properties; that is, that there are no kinds of things other than physical things.
Term
Induction
Definition
experience does not necessarily mean that we can assume anything of the future. “you aren’t justified in extrapolating anything to the future.”
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