Term
| Correlational phenomenology |
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Definition
| Clarifying different kinds of conscious acts and the general classes of objects they can intend. For example, note the difference between the way in which you can perceive a natural object and the way in which you perceive a person. Also, the differences in how you perceive a stranger vs. a familiar person. |
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Term
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Definition
| The goal here is to elucidate the essentail features of a particular kind of act or object using imaginative variation. We look for properties that, when they are absent, completely alter the kind of thing one is examining. Example: try to clarify the essence of evil as opposed to merely bad actions. |
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Term
| Verificational phenomenology |
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Definition
| The task there is to clarify the specific kinds of harmony required for a particular property or type of object to be continously verified as "actual". What future expectations must be fulfilkled in otrder that the property remains truly applicable? Example: consider what harmonious future expressions would continue to fulfill the ascription "intelligent". |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the effort to clarify the inherent temporal order in which various conswcious capacities develop or in which various meanings typically emerge. It si concerned with which acts or meanings are inherently first (temporally). Example: what are the preconditions for creating an interpretation of a work of art. |
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Term
| Static constitutional phenomenology |
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Definition
| Here the aim is to explicate the acts or meanings taht are already implicit in a complex act of consicousness at a given time. The idea is that acts presuppose other acts as they are being performed; thus there are layers of acts, some of which are mroe basic than others. This is what Husserl is exploring in many sections of M. 5. Example: consider the preconditions for apprehending a particular statement or utterance as ironic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opposed to natural or worldy; to what is empirical and contingent. Presupposed by the experience of the objective world, underlying it. Transcendental sphere of experience emerges after one has engaged in phenemonological (or transcendental) reduction (also called epoche or bracketing). |
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Term
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Definition
| The ego that remains once the transcendental reduction has been performed; this ego is still operative even if all supposition of real empirical existence is neutralized. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evidence is adequate whenever the state of affairs that is meant or indicated by the judgment is presented fully and directly just as it is meant. (Husserl abandons this ideal as he proceeds -- see horizons) |
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Term
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Definition
| Evidence is apodictic whenever the state of affairs that is meant or indicated by the judgment is simply not capable of being doubted; any effort to doubt the judgment would be empty. Such processes are not always fully present, so judgments about them might be apodictic without being adequate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Whenever some object of a mental act is presented, on has an intuition of it, but only what is actually presented is intuited. Both perception and imagination present their objects. |
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Term
| Appresentation or Presentiation [sic] |
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Definition
| When aspects appear to be associated with a primary presentation, Husserl says they rae presentiated or appresented; they echo and resonate with the actual presentation. One side of an object in perception typically has its other sides appresented as part of the primary presentation. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Sometimes the sense or meaning of an act or the intended object of the act) The noema is the object as supposed by the act, or as the act takes it to be, the meaning through which the object is apprehended. |
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Definition
| The type of act that is directed toward or intends the object. |
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Definition
| Almost every act directed toward an object that is not another act of consicousness anticipates additional features or perspectives beyond thoe taht are presented. The ordered anticipated presentations are the object's horizons. |
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Term
| Solipsism (incl. three versions) |
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Definition
The view that only one entity truly exists, namely, oneself. Everything else is mere appearance. Logical solipsism: The only entity that can be conceived to exist is oneself. Husserl is most concerned with this, trying to show that his phenomenology can escape this position. Metaphysical solipsism: the view that Others simply do not exist. Epistemological solipsism: the view that Others cannot be known to exist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many acts of consciousness are extremely complex. An object is constituted when a variety of acts of consciosuness are presupposed in a given order and a variety of processes of consciousness are operative simultaneously. |
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Term
| Reduction to the sphere of ownness |
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Definition
| An additional procedure within the transcendental reduction, within the already neutralized transcendental sphere. This reduction abstracts away all senses and all conscious processes which depend on the sense "other conscious being". The sphere of ownness is what remains after this additional reduction. |
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Term
Cogito/Cogitatum What is the basic pattern of analysis of any phase of consciosuness? |
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Definition
Cogito (pl: cogitations): Mental acts of any kind. Cogitatum: intentional object of a mental act. Basic pattern: Ego -- Cogito -- Cogitatum (ego -- act -- intentional object) |
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Term
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Definition
| Whenever any presentation appears to be similar to a previous presentation, then all the aspects of the previous one are transferred to this new one via a process called pairing. |
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Term
| What are the five Husserlian themes? |
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Definition
1. Anti-psychologism 2. Intentionality 3. Essentialism 4. Foundationalism 5. Individualism |
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Term
| Difference between transcendent and transcendental |
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Definition
Transcendental: whatever is there after transcendental reduction Transcendent: beyond the immediate given features of conscious life |
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