Term
| What are the layers of the pharyngeal wall? |
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Definition
1.mucous layer
2.submucosa layer
3.fibrous layer that forms the pharygobasillar fascia.
4.muscular layer of OL and IC layer.
5.loose CT that forms the buccopharygeal fascia. |
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Term
| What are the external muscles of the pharynx? And their origin? |
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Definition
1.superior constrictor muscle.
-from pterygoid hamulus
-from pterygomandibular raphe (connect to buccinator)
-mylohyoid line of the mandible.
2.middle constrictor muscle
-hrns of the hyoid bone
-stylohyoid ligament
3.inferior constrictor muscle.
-oblique muscle of the thyroid cartilage
-fascia over cricothyroid ligament
-from the side of the cricoid cartilage. |
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Term
What are the internal muscles of the pharynx and their origin?
(they elevate parynx and larynx in swallowing and speaking) |
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Definition
1. styloparyngeus – from styloid process.
2. salphingopharyngeus – from the cartilaginous part of te auditory tube.
3. palatopharyngeus – from hard palate. |
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Term
Describe the palatine tonsil.
-location
-muscles
-innervation
-blood supply
-lymphatic plexus |
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Definition
The tonsillar bed
- between the palatopharyngeal n palatoglossal arches.
2 muscles:
-palatopharyngeus
-superior constrictor muscles.
Lymph – drain to the lymph nodes at the angle of mandible and area of jugulodigastric nodes.
Nerve - tonsillar plexus of nerve by IX and X
Blood supply – tonsillar artery from facial artery branch. |
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Term
| What are the innervation of the pharynx? |
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Definition
- from the pharyngeal plexus.
- composed of IX, X, superior cervical ganglion sympathetic branches.
-sensory: IX supply most mucosa of all 3 parts.
-sensory of nasopharynx part: mainly of maxillary nerve.
-motor: cranial root of accessory nerve, carried by the vagus nerve.
-the X innervate all muscles but the stylopharyngeus (IX) and tensor veli palatini (V) |
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Term
| What are the anterior relations of the esophagus? |
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Definition
-the trachea
-left recurrent laryngeal nerve.
-Principal bronchus
-Pericardium that separate eso from the left atrium |
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Term
| What are the posterior relation of the esophagus? |
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Definition
-the thoracic vertebra
-descending thoracic aorta
-azygos veins
-thoracic duct
-intercostals arteries |
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Term
| What are the right relation of the esophagus? |
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Definition
-mediastinal pleura
-terminal of azygos vein |
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Term
| What are the left relation of esophagus? |
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Definition
-mediastinal pleura
-subclavian artery
-the aortic arch |
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Term
| Blood supply of the esophagus? |
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Definition
Upper third: the inferior thyroid artery
Middle third: descending thoracic aorta
Lower third: left gasric artery
Abdominal: inferior phrenic artery |
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Term
| Blood drainage of the esophagus? |
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Definition
Upper third: inferior thyroid vein
Middle third: azygos vein
Lower third: left gastric vein (a tributary of the portal vein) |
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Term
| Lymphatic drainage of the esophagus? |
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Definition
Upper third: deep cervical nodes
Middle third: superior and posterior mediastinal nodes.
Lower third: to the nodes of left gastric vessels and to celiac nodes |
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Term
| Innervation of the esophagus? |
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Definition
Esophageal nerve plexus
(around the insertion of eso into cardiac orifice into stomach.)
Composed of:
Para - The vagal trunk: anterior and posterior gastric nerves.
Sympathetic: thoracic trunk via greater and lesser splanchnic. |
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