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| Opium, colchicine, and cocaine are drugs obtained from |
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Definition
| Natural products that were used hundreds and possibly thousands of years ago |
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| The central purpose of pharmacology |
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Definition
| Is focused on the patient and improving the quality of life |
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| Pharmacology was first established in |
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| Who is considered the father of American Pharmacology due to his many contributions to the field and founded the first pharmacology department in the United States at the University of Michigan in 1890 |
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| Any substance that is taken to prevent, cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical condition |
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Definition
If ingested as a part of an orange or tomato it is a food (which is not considered a drug)
If administered for a deficiency it is a drug and can help prevent scurvy. |
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Term
| How, when, and why does a can of cola become a drug? |
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Definition
| If a patient with diabetes is experiencing a hypoglycemic reaction, the glucose in a can of cola/soda may raise the patients blood sugar ane prevent a comal; thus at this point the glucose in the cola may be considered a drug. |
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Term
| Substances in the body are not considered drugs unless... |
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Definition
They are administered to treat a condition.
Example, the hormone estrogen circulating in the blood is not a drug; however, of it is taken as an oral contraceptive to prevent a condition (pregnancy), estrogen is considered a drug. |
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Term
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Definition
the study of drugs
Derived from Greek words:
pharmakon, which means "medicine" or "drug"
and logos, which means "study"
Pharmacology is an expansion subject, ranging from understanding how drugs are administered, to where they travel in the body, to the actual responses they produce |
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Term
| Pharmacotherapy, or pharmacotherapeutics is |
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Definition
| The application of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment of suffering |
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Definition
| medical intervention given to improve a patient's condition or to prevent harm |
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Term
| Pharmacotherapy often begins when the patient |
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Definition
| experiences S/S that cause dissatifaction with current or future health status |
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Term
| Rationale for pharmacotherapy |
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Definition
| A partnership between the patient and the health care provider |
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Term
| Complications of pharmacology is the fact that |
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Definition
| drugs may elicit different responses depending on individual patient factors such as age, gender, race, body mass, health status, and genetics. |
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Term
| The condition at which a drug is approved are its... |
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Definition
indications
Every prescription drug has a least one indication, and most have multiple indications. |
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Term
Classification of drugs:
The two basic classifications of drugs are: |
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Definition
therapeutic and pharmacologic
(Both categories are used in classifying prescription and nonprescription drugs) |
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Term
| The therapeutic classification describes: |
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Definition
| what is being treated by the drug |
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Term
| The pharmacologic classification describes: |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs are placed into therapeutic classes based on their |
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Definition
usefulness in treating a specific disease
Example: Influence blood clotting- Anticoagulants
Lower blood cholesterol- Antihyperlipidemics
Lower Blood Pressure- Antihypertensives
Restore normal cardiac rhythm- Antidysrhythmics
Treat Angina- Antianginals |
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Term
| The pharmacologic classification addresses: |
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Definition
a drug's mechanism of action or how a drug produces its effect in the body
Example: Lowers plasma volume- diuretic
Blocks heart calcium channels- Calcium channel blocker
Blocks hormonal activity- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor |
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Term
| Pharmacologic may use a drug's |
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Definition
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Term
| The prefix anti- often refers to |
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Definition
| a therapeutic classification |
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Term
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Definition
| the drug to which all others in a class are compared |
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Term
| The three basic types of drug names are |
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Definition
| chemical, generic, and trade names |
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Term
A drug has __ chemical name.
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Definition
1
This chemical name is sometimes helpful in predicting a drug's physical and chemical properties
(hese names are ususally very difficult to remember) |
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Term
| The chemical name is assigned using the |
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Definition
| nomenclature established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |
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Term
| The generic name of a drug is assigned by |
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Definition
| the United States Adopted Name Council- these names are less complicated and easier to remember than the chemical names |
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Term
| There is __ generic name for each drug |
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Definition
1
health care providers often use this name, and students must memorize it. |
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Term
| A drugs trade name us assigned by the |
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Definition
pharmaceutical company marketing the drug.
The trade name is intentionally selected to be short and easy to rememberso that patients will remember it. (and ask for it by name) |
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Term
| Drugs with more than one active ingredient are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Generic names should be used when |
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Definition
| naming the active ingredients in a combination drug |
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| When referring to a drug, it is conventional to write the generic name in |
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Definition
lower case first, followed by the trade name in parentheses with the first letter capitalized
Example alprazolam (Xanax) |
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Term
| Bioavailability is defined as |
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Definition
| the rate and extent to which the active ingredient is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of drug action to produce its effect |
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Term
| Measuring how long a drug takes to exert its effect is called |
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Definition
onset time
this also gives phamacologists a crude measure of bioavailability |
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Term
| If the trade and generic products have the same rate of absorption and have the same onset of therapeutic action, they are said to be |
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Definition
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Term
| As a general rule, bioavailability is of most concern when using critical care drugs and those with a narrow safety margin. |
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Definition
| In these cases a patient should continue taking brand name drugs and not switch to the generic equivalent without prior approval from the health care provider |
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Term
| Before any drug is administered, the nurse must obtain and process pertinent information regarding the patient's |
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Definition
| medical history, physical assessment, disease process, and learning needs and capabilities |
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Definition
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| Pharmacology is intimately connected to nursing practice and is a key intervention in relieving and preventing human suffering |
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Definition
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Term
| The nurse is using a drug handbook to determine the indications for the drug furosemide (Lasix). The term indications is defined as the : |
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Definition
| Conditions for which a drug is approved |
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Term
| When a drug has been absorbed, is available at the site of action, and produces its effect in the client, the nurse knows that ______________ has occured. |
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Definition
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